Fakahinohino Sitepu: Efiafi ʻe Taha ʻaki ha $100 ki he Kulokula
Ko e tola ʻe teau, ngaahi sipi ʻo e tola ʻe nima, kulokula ʻi he vilo kotoa pē, mo ha lao taʻofi. Vilo ki he vilo.

Ko ha efiafi faʻifaʻitaki ʻi ha tēpile hangatonu: ʻo aʻu ki he vilo ʻe 60 ʻo e $5 ki he kulokula mei ha patiseti ʻe $100, mo ha fakangatangata mole ʻe $50 mo ha fakangatangata ikuna ʻe $50. Naʻe fakaʻosi ia ʻe he fakangatangata mole ʻi he vilo 36. ʻOku fakahā ʻe he taimi vaʻinga ʻa e hā ʻo e vēliani ʻi he taimi moʻoni pea ko e hā ʻoku ko e lao taʻofi pē ʻa e fili naʻe mahuʻinga.
Ko e palani
ʻOku ʻi ai ha founga lulēti lelei taha ʻaki ha $100? ʻIkai ha founga ʻe taha ʻoku ne fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e fakamole ʻi he ʻavalisi. Ko e patiseti ko ia ko e paʻanga ʻe lava ke mau mole; ko e meʻa ʻoku mau fili ko e lahi ʻo e peti mo e ngaahi lao taʻofi. Lahi ʻo e peti $5, ko e 5% ʻo e patiseti, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻomai ai ha peti mole ʻe uofulu nai ʻi homau nima. Fakangatangata molefoungaFakangatangata moleKo ha lahi ʻo e mole kuo fokotuʻu ki muʻa ʻa ia te ke fakaʻosi ai ʻa e taimi vaʻinga.Lau kotoa → ʻi he −$50 mo e fakangatangata ikunafoungaFakangatangata ikunaKo ha taumuʻa tupu kuo fokotuʻu ki muʻa ʻa ia te ke fakaʻosi ai ʻa e taimi vaʻinga.Lau kotoa → ʻi he +$50, kuo fili he taimi ni. Ko e mole ʻamanekinamatematikaMole ʻamanekinaKo e mahuʻinga ʻamanekina liunga ʻaki ʻa e fakakātoa ʻo e paʻanga naʻe peti ʻaki; ko e ʻavalisi ʻo e paʻanga ʻoku mole ʻi ha taimi vaʻinga pe ha vahaʻa taimi.Lau kotoa → ʻi he vilo ʻe 60 ko e 60 × $5 / 37 = $8.11. ʻOku mau ʻamanekina ke mavahe ʻaki ha $92 nai pea ke ʻi ha feituʻu pē ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e $20 mo e $170 ʻi ha ngalingalimatematikaNgalingaliKo e faingamālie ʻo ha ola, mei he 0 ki he 1 pe 0% ki he 100%. Fika ʻe taha: 1/37 = 2.70%.Lau kotoa → fakapotopoto.
Vilo 1–20
K U U K K 0 U K K U K U U U K K U K U K. KulokulapetiKulokulaPeti totongi tatau ki he fika kulokula ʻe 18. Faka-Falanisē: rouge.Lau kotoa → ʻe hongofulu, ʻuliʻulipetiʻUliʻuliPeti totongi tatau ki he fika ʻuliʻuli ʻe 18. Faka-Falanisē: noir.Lau kotoa → ʻe hiva, noaveʻetekaNoaKo e luo lanu mata pē ʻe taha ʻoku ʻikai kāpui ʻe ha peti totongi tatau, peti tasini pe peti kōlomu; ko e tupuʻanga ia ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasino. ʻOku toe ui: noa ʻe taha, 0.Lau kotoa → ʻe taha: +$50 − $45 − $5 = $0. Toenga $100. Naʻe fakamole ʻe he noa ʻi he vilo 6 ha sipipaʻangaSipiKo ha fakaʻilonga ʻoku fakafofongaʻi ha paʻanga paʻu, ʻoku tuku ki he palani ʻo e tēpile ke fai ʻaki ha peti. ʻOku toe ui: check.Lau kotoa → pea, ʻi he 1/37, naʻe siʻi vave. ʻOku ʻikai ha meʻa ʻoku kehe ʻi heni. ʻOku mau tatau pē hili ʻa e vilo ʻe uofulu.
Vilo 21–36
U U U U U K U U K U U K U U U U. ʻUliʻuli ʻe nima ʻi he kamataʻanga, hongofulu-mā-tolu fakakātoa: kulokula ʻe tolu, ʻuliʻuli ʻe hongofulu-mā-tolu, +$15 − $65 = −$50. Toenga $50. Ko e konga ʻeni ʻoku liliu ai ʻe he kakai ʻenau peti, fakaua ʻa e peti pe fetongi ʻa e lanu. Ko e ngalingali ʻo e ʻuliʻuli ʻe 13 pe lahi ange ʻi he vilo ʻe 16 ʻoku siʻi hifo ʻi he 1%; naʻe pau ke hoko ia ki ha taha ʻi he poʻuli ni. ʻOku mau mole ʻaki ʻa e $50 mei he kamataʻanga, ʻoku ngāue ʻa e fakangatangata mole ʻi he vilo 36, pea mau tuʻu hake.

Vilo 37–60, ʻikai ke mau ʻi ai
K U K U, pea K K U K 0 K U K K U K K U U K K U K U K. Kulokula ʻe hongofulu-mā-fā, ʻuliʻuli ʻe hiva, noa ʻe taha: kapau naʻa mau nofo, +$70 − $45 − $5 = +$20 pea ko ha toenga ʻo e $70 ʻi he vilo 60. Ko e vilo ʻe tolungofulu-mā-ono ʻi ha tēpile hangatonu ʻoku miniti nai ʻe 45. Naʻa mau mavahe ʻaki ʻa e $50, mole ʻa e $50, ʻo fehoanaki mo e ʻamanekina ʻo e −$4.86 ki he vilo ʻe 36. Kulokula ʻe hongofulu-mā-tolu, ʻuliʻuli ʻe uofulu-mā-ua, noa ʻe taha.
- p10 −$100
- p25 −$100
- fika lotoloto (median) −$100
- p75 +$0
- p90 +$70
Ko e meʻa naʻe hoko
Naʻa mau totongi ha $5 nai ki he miniti ʻe 45 ʻo e lulēti, fakataha mo e $45 ʻo e taʻemonūʻia. Ko e kulokula ʻe hongofulu-mā-tolu ʻi he vilo ʻe 36 ʻoku mamaʻo ʻi lalo ʻi he 17.5 ʻamanekina, pea ko e kulokula ʻe hiva siʻi hifo ʻi he ʻuliʻuli ko e −$45 ia kimuʻa ʻi he noa. Naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻa e efiafi ʻe he vēlianimatematikaVēlianiKo ha fua ʻo hono mafola ʻo e ngaahi ola takatakai ʻi he mahuʻinga ʻamanekina. Māʻolunga ki he peti fika ʻe taha, māʻulalo ki he ngaahi peti totongi tatau.Lau kotoa →; naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻa e fakamole ʻe he lahi ʻo e peti mo e ngaahi vilo; naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe he fakangatangata mole ʻa e taimi naʻe ʻosi ai. Kapau naʻa mau nofo, naʻe mei toe maʻu mai ʻa e $20 ʻi he vilo 60, pea ʻoku ʻikai ko ha ʻuhinga ia ke nofo: ko e toe maʻu mai ko e vēliani foki ia, pea pehē foki ki he hokohoko ʻuliʻuli naʻe hoko kimuʻa ai.
Ko e meʻa naʻe ʻikai ke mau fai
Liliu ʻa e lahi ʻo e peti hili ha mole (ko ha fakalakalaka petifoungaFakalakalaka petiKo ha lao pē ʻoku ne liliu ʻa e lahi ʻo e peti ʻo fakatatau ki he ngaahi ola kimuʻa. Ko e ngaahi fakalakalaka fakafepaki ʻoku nau hiki hake ia hili ha mole, ko e ngaahi fakalakalaka fakapapau hili ha ikuna.Lau kotoa → ia, pea ʻoku ne hiki hake ʻa e fakakātoa ʻo e petipaʻangaFakakātoa ʻo e petiKo e fakakātoa ʻo e paʻanga naʻe peti ʻaki ʻi ha taimi vaʻinga pe vahaʻa taimi, kau ai ʻa e paʻanga naʻe ikunaʻi kuo toe peti ʻaki. ʻOku toe ui: handle, action.Lau kotoa →). Fetongi ʻa e lanu hili ʻa e hokohoko ʻuliʻuli (ʻoku tatau tofu pē ʻa e faingamālie). Nofo ʻo laka hake ʻi he vilo ʻe 60 koeʻuhi naʻa mau “meimei tatau” (ko e fakangatangata mole ia ʻoku toe aleaʻi). Peti ki he tasinipetiTasini1–12, 13–24 pe 25–36, totongi ʻo e 2:1.Lau kotoa → naʻe “teʻeki hū” (ko e tuʻunga lelei tatau, fōtunga kehe). Naʻe mei liliu ʻe he taha kotoa ʻo ʻeni ʻa e fōtunga ʻo e efiafi pea ʻikai ha taha te ne liliu hono fakamole ʻamanekina.
Ngaahi fehuʻi
Sipi ʻe uofulu ʻi he nima, kae ʻikai ko e hongofulu. ʻOku lōloa ange ʻa e efiafi; ʻoku vaeua ʻa e fakamole ki he vilo.
Ko e mole ʻamanekina ko e $4.05 kae ʻikai ko e $8.11. ʻIo.
ʻIkai ki ha meʻa. ʻOku hoko ʻa e ʻuliʻuli ʻe hongofulu-mā-tolu ʻi he vilo ʻe hongofulu-mā-ono ʻi ha efiafi ʻe taha nai ʻi he 125.
Meʻa fakaoli

Ko e lahi ʻo e peti mo e ngaahi vilo ʻoku na fokotuʻu ʻa e fakamole. Ko e veʻeteka ʻoku ne fokotuʻu ʻa e ongoʻi.
Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga
- Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling.