Holo ʻa e Vave
Ko e konga pē ʻe taha ʻo e vilo ʻoku lava moʻoni ke tomuʻa ʻiloʻi.
Ko e holo ʻa e vave ʻo e pulu ʻi he hala ʻoku muimui ia ʻi ha laine pikopiko molemole ʻoku fokotuʻu ʻe he fefaʻaitakiʻaki mo e taʻofi ʻe he ʻeá. Mei he taimi ʻo ha ngaahi takai siʻi ʻe lava ke ke fakafuofua ʻa e taimi ʻo e tō ki ha konga siʻi ʻo ha sekoni. Ko e movete ʻi he hili iá ʻoku ne fakaʻauha ʻa e lahi taha ʻo e tonu ko ia.
Ko e mōtolo
Lau ʻa e pulumeʻangāuePuluKo e kiʻi pulu siʻisiʻi ʻoku tolongi ʻi he hala ʻo fehangahangai mo e konga vilo. Ko e ngaahi pulu ʻo onopooni ʻoku ngaohi ʻaki ʻa e ivorine pe Teflon, 18–21 mm.Lau kotoa → ʻoku holo hono vave ʻi ha konga ʻoku tatau maʻu pē a (fefaʻaitakiʻaki ʻo e teka) mo ha konga ʻoku fakatatau ki he vave b·v (taʻofi ʻe he ʻeá mo e ngaahi mole ʻoku fakatefito ʻi he vave): dv/dt = −(a + bv). Ko hono tali ko ha ofi atu fakaʻekisiponenitiale ki he vave fakaʻosi ʻo e tō. Ko ia ko e taimi ʻo e takai T = 2πr/v ʻoku tupu ʻi he takai taki taha ʻaki ha lahi ʻoku fakautuutu. Maʻu ʻa e a mo e b mei he ngaahi ʻuluaki takai siʻi pea ʻe hoko mai ai ʻa e toenga ʻo e ngaahi takai mo e taimi ʻo e tō. ʻOku ʻikai ha meʻa fakaofo heni; ko e mekanika ʻo e ʻuluaki taʻu ʻunivēsiti ʻoku ngāueʻaki ki ha pulu ʻi ha hala.
Ko e hā ʻoku maʻu mei he fakafuofua
Ko ha taimi tō ʻoku tonu ki he sekoni ʻe 0.2, ʻo fakataha mo ha vave ʻo e konga vilomeʻangāueKonga viloKo e konga ʻo e veʻeteka ʻoku vilo pea ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi luo.Lau kotoa → ʻo e luomeʻangāueLuoKo e taha ʻo e ngaahi luo ʻe 37 ʻoku fakafika ʻi he konga vilo. ʻOku toe ui: slot, cup.Lau kotoa → ʻe 15 ʻi he sekoni, ʻoku ne maʻu ʻa e luo ʻoku ʻi lalo ʻi he feituʻu tō ki ha meimei luo ʻe tolu. Ko e ongoongo lelei ia ki ha tokotaha tomuʻa fakafuofua. Ko e ongoongo kovi, ʻoku kolosi leva ʻa e pulu ʻi he konga fakahifomeʻangāueKonga fakahifoKo e konga fakahifo ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e hala ʻo e pulu mo e ngaahi luo, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakaafe.Lau kotoa →, bunu ki ha meʻa fakaafemeʻangāueMeʻa fakaafeKo e taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ukamea ʻi he konga fakahifo ʻoku nau fakamovetevete ʻa e pulu ʻoku tō. ʻOku toe ui: canoe, diamond, pin.Lau kotoa → pea puna ʻi he ngaahi meʻa vahemeʻangāueMeʻa vaheKo e meʻa vahe ukamea ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e luo ʻe ua ʻi he veʻeteka.Lau kotoa →, pea ko e luo fakaʻosi ʻoku mafola ia ʻi ha tufaki ʻoku luo ʻe 20 ki he 30 hono fālahi. Ko e tonu ʻo e vahe ʻo e hala ʻoku meimei kai kotoa ia ʻe he movete ʻo e vahe ʻo e tō.
Ko e hā ʻoku toe
Kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ha tumutumu ʻi he tufaki ʻo e movete, ʻo tō lahi ange ai ʻa e pulu ʻo ofi ki he luo ʻo e tō ʻi he meʻa taʻefakataumuʻa, pea ko hono peti ha kongaveʻetekaKongaKo ha konga fakavilo hokohoko ʻo e ngaahi luo ʻi he veʻeteka, ʻoku kehe ia mei ha kulupu ʻi he palani ʻo e tēpile.Lau kotoa → ʻoku takatakai ʻi he luo naʻe tomuʻa fakafuofua ʻoku ne ʻomi ha kiʻi tuʻunga lelei siʻi. Naʻe fua eni ʻe Small mo Tse (2012) ʻi he lēpi ʻaki ha kāmeli pea naʻa na ʻilo ʻoku māʻolunga feʻunga ʻa e tuʻo lahi ʻo e tō ki he konga naʻe tomuʻa fakafuofua ke liliu ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasinomatematikaTuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasinoKo e konga ʻo e peti takitaha ʻoku tauhi ʻe he kasino ʻi he ʻavalisi: 2.70% ʻi he lulēti ʻIulope.Lau kotoa → ko ha tuʻunga lelei ki he tokotaha vaʻinga ʻo ha peseti siʻi. Ko hona tuʻunga, ʻa e sio kakato mei ʻolunga, ha veʻeteka kuo ʻiloʻi, mo e ngaahi peti naʻe tuku hili hono tuku atu ʻa e pulu, ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ia ʻi ha tēpile hangatonu.
Ko e hā ʻoku liliu mei he houa ki he houa
ʻOku ʻikai tuʻu maʻu ʻa e ongo fika ni ki ha veʻeteka. Ko e kau Eudaemons, ʻa ia naʻa nau fua ʻa e taimi ʻo ha veʻeteka ʻi ha kasino ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu ʻi he ngaahi taʻu 1970, naʻa nau ʻilo ko e ʻeá ʻoku ne fai ʻa e lahi taha ʻo e fakamāmālie, lahi ange ʻi he hala, pea ʻoku mahuʻinga ʻa e pulu: ko ha pulu Teflon naʻe liunga ua hono vave ʻo e mole ʻa e vave ʻi ha pulu naʻe ngaohi ʻaki ʻa e meʻa ʻo e pulu piliati. Naʻa nau sio foki ki heʻenau ngaahi tomuʻa fakafuofua ʻoku hiki ʻaki ha 5 ki he 10% ʻi he houa ʻi he taimi naʻe fakaava ai ha matapā pe liliu ʻa e ʻea, koeʻuhí ko e ʻeá viviku pe mamafa ʻoku vave ange ʻene fakamāmālie ʻa e pulu. Ko ia naʻe tauhi ai ʻe heʻenau polokalama ha ngaahi fokotuʻu kehekehe ki he vave ʻo e holo ʻa e vave ʻo e pulu mo e vave ʻoku mavahe ai mei he hala, pea naʻe toe fokotuʻu foʻou ʻe he tokotaha vaʻinga ʻa e ongo meʻa ni ʻi he tēpile taki taha pea toe fai ʻi he taimi kotoa pē naʻe kamata ai ke hiki ʻa e ngaahi tomuʻa fakafuofua.
Ko e hā ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ai eni ʻe he Lēpi
ʻIkai ke lava ai ʻe ha taha ʻo fai ia. Ka ke fakahaaʻi ʻa e meʻa ʻoku fakatupu moʻoni ai ʻa e taʻefakataumuʻa ʻo e vaʻinga: ko ha vahe ʻoku lava ke tomuʻa ʻiloʻi ʻoku maluʻi ʻe he ngaahi kasino ʻaki hono tāpuni vave ʻo e ngaahi peti mo ha lahi siʻi taha ʻo e ngaahi takai, mo ha vahe fihi ʻoku nau maluʻi ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakaafe mo e ngaahi meʻa vahe māʻulalo. Ko ha tokotaha vaʻinga ʻoku mahinoʻi eni ʻoku ne mahinoʻi ʻa e ʻuhinga ʻoku malu ai ʻa e 2.70%.
Fai tokotaha pē ʻa e fika
Fua ʻa e taimi ʻo e pulu ʻi heʻene lele hake ʻi ha meʻa fakaafe ʻi ha vitiō hangatonu pē ʻo takai ʻe tolu pea fakafuofua atu; ʻe faʻa ofi koe ki ha takai ʻe taha mei he tō, ʻa ia ko e ngāue ia ʻa e vahe ʻoku lava ke tomuʻa ʻiloʻi ʻo hangē ko ia naʻe fakamatalaʻí. Hili ia, sio ki he feituʻu ʻoku tō moʻoni ki ai ʻa e pulu ʻo fakatatau ki he luo ʻoku ʻi lalo ʻi he feituʻu tō, pea lau ia ʻi ha vilo ʻe nimangofulu. Ko e lau ko ia ko ha tufaki ia ʻo e movete, pea ko hono fālahi ko e tali ia ki he “ko e hā ʻoku ʻikai lava ai ke ikunaʻi eni?”.
Fomula
Ngaahi fehuʻi
ʻIkai. ʻOku liliu ʻa e fefaʻaitakiʻaki ʻi he efu, ʻeá viviku mo e motuʻa. ʻOku toe fakahoa ʻe he kau tomuʻa fakafuofua ʻi he vilo kotoa pē.
Ko e tolu ʻoku ʻomi ai ha fakafuofua taʻetonu; ko e nima pe ono ʻoku lelei. Ko e lahi siʻi taha ʻe fā ʻa e ngaahi sitiutio ʻoku siʻi ai ʻa e taimi ke peti, pea ʻoku ʻosi tāpuni foki ʻa e ngaahi peti.
Ko ha niʻihi siʻi, ʻi ha taimi nounou, ʻaki ha ngaahi meʻangāue, kimuʻa pea liliu ʻe he ngaahi kasino ʻenau founga pea hoko mai mo e ngaahi lao. Vakai ki he vaʻinga kumi tuʻunga lelei.
Vaʻinga mo e Matematika
ʻUluaki feinga ke ke fakaleleiʻi ʻe koe. Kuo pelu ʻa e tali takitaha; fakaava ia ʻi hoʻo mateuteu.
ʻI he mōtolo fakatātā ʻa Thorp ʻo ha pulumeʻangāuePuluKo e kiʻi pulu siʻisiʻi ʻoku tolongi ʻi he hala ʻo fehangahangai mo e konga vilo. Ko e ngaahi pulu ʻo onopooni ʻoku ngaohi ʻaki ʻa e ivorine pe Teflon, 18–21 mm.Lau kotoa → ʻoku māmālie hifo, kapau ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻe ha takai ʻe taha ʻi he hala ʻa e sekoni ʻe T, ʻoku toe ki he pulu ʻa e takai ʻe 1/(e^(3T/20) − 1) − 10/3 ʻi muʻa pea mavahe ia mei he hala. ʻOku fiha ʻoku toe hili ha takai ʻo e vaeua ʻo e sekoni, pea hili ha takai ʻo e sekoni kakato? ʻOku hiki fēfē ʻa e tomuʻa tala ʻe ha kiʻi fehalaaki fakataimi ʻo e sekoni ʻe 0.012 ʻi he T = 0.8?
Fakahā ʻa e tali
Tali Ko e takai ʻe 9.5 nai hili ha takai ʻo e vaeua ʻo e sekoni pea 2.85 hili ha takai ʻo e sekoni ʻe taha. ʻOku hiki ʻe he fehalaaki ʻa e tomuʻa tala ʻaki ʻa e 0.12 nai ʻo ha takai, ʻo meimei luomeʻangāueLuoKo e taha ʻo e ngaahi luo ʻe 37 ʻoku fakafika ʻi he konga vilo. ʻOku toe ui: slot, cup.Lau kotoa → ʻe 4½.
T = 0.5: 3T/20 = 0.075 pea ko e e^0.075 ≈ 1.0779, ko ia ko e 1/0.0779 ≈ 12.84, pea ko e 12.84 − 3.33 ≈ 9.51 takai. T = 1: e^0.15 ≈ 1.1618, 1/0.1618 ≈ 6.18, pea ko e 6.18 − 3.33 ≈ 2.85. Ko ha takai vave ʻoku ʻuhinga ia ki ha ngaahi takai lahi ʻoku toe, pea ko ha takai ʻoku liunga ua hono māmālie ʻoku toe ai ʻa e siʻi hifo ʻi he vahe tolu.
ʻI he T = 0.8 ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he fomula ʻa e takai ʻe 4.51; ʻi he T = 0.812 ʻoku ne ʻomi ʻa e 4.39. Ko ha fehalaaki ʻo e konga ʻe 12 ʻi he afe ʻo ha sekoni, ʻo ofi ki he taimi ʻoku teka ai ʻa e pulu ʻi hono fālahi pē ʻoʻona, ʻoku ne hiki ʻa e tomuʻa tala ʻaki ʻa e 0.12 ʻo ha takai: ʻo ofi ki he luo ʻe 4½ ʻo ha veʻeteka luo ʻe 37. Ko e fehalaaki pē ʻe taha ko ia ko e konga lahi ia ʻo e luo ʻe 5.5 ʻoku ngofua ʻe he patiseti fehalaaki ʻa Thorp ki hono fakataimiʻi ʻo e pulu (vakai ki he Vaʻinga Kumi Tuʻunga Lelei ʻi he Lulēti), pea ko e ʻuhinga ia ko e taimi, ʻo ʻikai ko e fika, ʻoku ne fakangatangata ha tokotaha tomuʻa tala.
Meʻa fakaoli
ʻOku lava ke tomuʻa ʻiloʻi ʻo aʻu ki he tō. Hili ia, ko e ngaahi meʻa fakaafe.
Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga
- Small, M. & Tse, C. K. “Predicting the outcome of roulette.”
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”