Joseph Jagger: Ko e Founga Lulēti ʻi Monte Carlo

Meʻa ʻoku fakahā ʻe he ngaahi lekooti

Naʻe fāʻeleʻi ʻa Joseph Hobson Jagger ʻi he 2 Sepitema 1830 ʻi Shelf, ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo Bradford mo Halifax. Naʻa ne mali mo Matilda Townend ʻi hono taʻu uofulu pea naʻe toko fā ʻena fānau. Naʻa ne ngāue ʻi he fefakatauʻaki tupenu ʻi heʻene moʻui kotoa: ko ha tokotaha ngāue ʻi ha fale koloa, ko ha hoa ʻi ha ngāueʻanga naʻe teuteuʻi ʻa e filo, ko ha tokotaha fakaʻosi tupenu ʻi Manchester. ʻOku ui ia ʻe he lau kakai ʻo e 1861 ko ha ʻēseni koloa kotoni mo e tupenu pea ʻoku ui ia ʻe heʻene tohi tuku ʻo e 1881 ko ha tokotaha ngaohi koloa. ʻOku ʻikai ha tohi ʻoku ui ia ko ha ʻenisinia. Ko e lea ko ia, mo e “mekanika”, ʻoku haʻu ia mei he ngaahi tohi ki Monte Carlo.

ʻI ʻEpeleli 1860 naʻe tō ʻene pisinisi ʻi Manchester, pea naʻe lisi ia ʻe he London Gazette ʻi he kau moʻua naʻe ʻikai lava ke totongi ʻe fanongo ki ai ʻi he Kasolo ʻo Lancaster. Naʻe taʻu ua ʻene kiʻi tama siʻi taha. Ko ʻene tokotaha tohi hisitōlia ko Anne Fletcher, ko ha kāinga fefine mamaʻo ʻo e ngaahi toʻutangata ʻamui pea ko ha tokotaha hisitōlia ʻo e tofiʻa, naʻa ne ʻilo ʻa e ngaahi fanongonongo pea ʻilo ʻoku kei totongi ʻe he fāmili ʻa e ngaahi moʻua ʻi he hili ha taʻu ʻe hongofulu mā nima. Naʻe ʻikai te ne ʻilo ha tō fakapaʻanga ʻi he 1880 pe 1881, neongo kuo tuku ia ki ai ʻe ha ngaahi nusipepa lahi talu mei ai.

Ko e talanoa ʻo hangē ko hono ʻuluaki paaki

Ko e fakamatala motuʻa taha ko e Monte Carlo Anecdotes and Systems of Play ʻa Victor Bethell (1901). ʻOku ui ia ʻe Bethell ko “Jaggers”, ko ha tangata Yorkshire pea ko ha mekanika ʻi heʻene ngāue, pea ʻoku ʻikai te ne ʻoatu ha ʻuluaki hingoa pe ha taʻu. ʻI heʻene talanoa naʻe totongi ʻe Jaggers ha kau tohi ʻe toko ono, ʻo ne fakanofo kinautolu ʻi ha ngaahi tēpile kehekehe ke tohi ʻa e fika kotoa pē ʻi he ʻaho kakato, pea hili ha māhina ʻe taha kuo ne ʻilo ha feituʻu vaivai ʻi he veʻeteka kotoa pē. Naʻe ikunaʻi ʻe ia mo ʻene kau tangata ʻa e £120,000. Naʻe kamata ʻe he kasino ke hikihiki ʻa e ngaahi veʻeteka mei he tēpile ki he tēpile ʻi he pō kotoa pē, pea naʻe ʻiloʻi kehe ʻe Jaggers ʻaki ha ngaahi kiʻi fakaʻilonga, ha kafo pe ha kiʻi tulu ʻi he vali. Naʻe mole ʻa e £40,000 ʻo e paʻanga naʻe ikunaʻi pea mavahe mo e meimei £80,000, ʻa ia ʻi he falaniki ʻe 25 ki he pāuni ʻe taha ʻo e kuonga ko ia ko e falaniki ia ʻe miliona ʻe ua. Ko e ʻaho pē ʻoku ʻoatu ʻe Bethell ko e hoko ʻa e meʻa ni kotoa “ʻi he laka hake ʻi he taʻu ʻe uofulu kuo hili”.

Naʻe tohi ʻa Bethell ʻi he hili ha taʻu ʻe uofulu mei he meʻa naʻe hoko pea ʻoku ʻikai te ne fakahingoa ha fakamoʻoni. Naʻe kumi ʻe Fletcher ʻi he ngaahi nusipepa fakakolo, fakafonua mo muli pea naʻe ʻikai te ne ʻilo ha lipooti ʻo e ikuna, pea ʻi he tohi ʻa ʻene tamai ki he kasino naʻe talaange kuo ʻosi fakaʻauha ʻa hono ngaahi pepa ʻo e kuonga ko ia.

Naʻe tupu fēfē ʻa e talanoa

Naʻe tānaki ʻe he tokotaha tohi ʻamui taki taha ha meʻa, pea ko e ngaahi tānaki ko ia ʻa e meʻa ʻoku ʻilo ʻe he lahi taha ʻo e kakai.

Naʻe ʻi ai ʻafē

ʻOku pehē ʻe Fletcher ko e ʻuluaki ʻaʻahi ʻi he 1880 pe 1881 mei ha fakamoʻoni ʻe fā. ʻOku ʻikai ʻi ai ʻa Jagger ʻi hono fale pē ʻaʻana ʻi he lau kakai ʻo ʻEpeleli 1881, ʻa ia ʻoku tohi ai hono uaifi ko e ʻulu ʻo e fale. ʻOku fakahingoa ia ʻe ha tohi fakapapau ʻo ʻAokosi 1881 ʻi he 6 Greaves Street, Bradford, ko ha fale naʻa ne fakatau ʻi he taʻu ko ia, pea ʻi ʻOkatopa naʻa ne fai ʻa e tohi tuku ʻa ha tangata ʻoku ʻi ai ʻene koloa. Ko hono fā ko e meʻa pē ʻe taha ʻoku kei ʻi ai, ko ha kī fakamanatu ʻi ha puha meʻaʻofa, ʻoku tauhi ʻe he fāmili. Ko hono tohi, mei hono “ngaahi kaumeʻa mo e kau fakaʻapaʻapa”, ʻoku lave ki heʻene lavameʻa ʻi he lulēti ki he pangikē ʻi Monte Carlo “ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi ʻo e taʻu ʻe fā”, pea ʻoku tohi ai ʻa e 1 Mē 1884.

ʻOku mahinoʻi ʻe Fletcher ʻa e meʻa ni ko ha ngaahi nofo lahi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e meimei 1880 mo e 1884, ʻikai ko ha uike pē ʻe taha. Ko e fuoloa naʻa ne siofi ai, mo e fuoloa naʻa ne vaʻinga ai, ʻoku ʻikai lekooti ia ʻi ha feituʻu.

Ko hai naʻa nau ō mo ia

ʻOku ʻikai ha poupou ki he kau tohi ʻe toko ono ʻa Bethell, pea ʻoku fakatokangaʻi ʻe Fletcher naʻe tēpile lulēti pē ʻe fā pe nima ʻi he loki ʻi he kuonga ko ia. Ko ha talatukufakaholo ʻe taha ʻa e fāmili, naʻe tohi ʻe ha kaumeʻa naʻa ne sio ki ha ngaahi tohi kuo ʻosi fakaʻauha, ko hono foha lahi ko Alfred naʻa na ō. ʻOku tānaki ʻe Fletcher ha ʻilamutu, ko Oates Jagger, ko ha tokotaha fakaʻuli lēlue, koeʻuhi ko ʻene koloa ʻamui naʻe ʻikai fakamatalaʻi; ko ʻene fakakaukau pē ia. Naʻe pehē maʻu pē ʻe ha vaʻa ʻe taha ʻo e fāmili naʻa ne ʻalu mo ʻene pule ngāue. Ko e paʻanga ki he fononga naʻe nō mei he kāinga, pea ko e taha ʻo kinautolu, ko ha kāinga, ʻoku fakahingoa ʻosi totongi ia.

Meʻa naʻe fai ʻe he kasino

ʻI heni foki ko Bethell ʻa e ʻuluaki maʻuʻanga. ʻOku ne pehē naʻe kamata ʻe he kasino ʻaki hono fetongitongi ʻa e ngaahi veʻeteka mei he tēpile ki he tēpile ʻi he pō kotoa pē, pea ʻi he ʻikai lavameʻa ia naʻe fekau ha tangata ki he kautaha ʻi Palesi naʻa ne ngaohi kinautolu. Naʻe ngaohi ʻe he kautaha ha ngaahi veʻeteka foʻou mo e ngaahi meʻa vahe ʻe lava ʻo hiki, ko ia ko ha luomeʻangāueLuoKo e taha ʻo e ngaahi luo ʻe 37 ʻoku fakafika ʻi he konga vilo. ʻOku toe ui: slot, cup.Lau kotoa → naʻe tuʻu fehangahangai mo e noaveʻetekaNoaKo e luo lanu mata pē ʻe taha ʻoku ʻikai kāpui ʻe ha peti totongi tatau, peti tasini pe peti kōlomu; ko e tupuʻanga ia ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasino. ʻOku toe ui: noa ʻe taha, 0.Lau kotoa → ʻi ha ʻaho ʻe taha naʻe lava ke tuʻu ʻi ha feituʻu kehe ʻi he ʻaho hoko. ʻOku pehē tatau ʻe Polovtsoff, ʻa ia naʻe pule ki he International Sporting Club ʻi Monte Carlo ʻi he 1930 tupu: ko e ngaahi veʻeteka foʻou mo e ngaahi konga ʻe lava ʻo fetongi, naʻe fetongitongi ʻi he ʻaho kotoa pē. Naʻe fetongi ʻa e ngaahi veʻeteka motuʻa, ʻikai ngaohi.

ʻOku ʻi ai ha fakamoʻoni lelei ki hono siviʻi ʻi he pongipongi kotoa pē ʻa e veʻeteka kotoa pē ʻaki ha meʻa fua tafitonga. Naʻe sio ki ai ʻa Adolphe Smith ʻi he takai ʻo e 1912, pea ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ia ʻe Polovtsoff ʻi he 1937. ʻOku ʻikai pehē ʻe ha taha ʻo kinaua naʻe kamata ia mo Jagger, pea ʻoku ʻikai ha tohi ʻa e kasino ʻoku fekauʻaki ai ha taha ʻo e ngaahi ngāue ni kiate ia.

Casino de Monte-CarloFua Fakatuʻasino ʻo ha Veʻeteka

ʻOku pau ke lahi fēfē ha hehema

Ko e founga lulēti ʻa Joseph Jagger, ʻo hangē ko e talanoa, ko hono peti ki he ngaahi fika ʻoku hehema ki ai ha veʻeteka, pea ʻoku toki maʻu ai ha paʻanga ʻi he laka atu ʻi ha tuʻunga. Ko ha peti fika ʻe tahapetiPeti fika ʻe tahaFika pē ʻe taha, totongi ʻo e 35:1.Lau kotoa → ʻoku totongi 35 ki he 1, ko ia ʻoku pau ke ikuna ha fika ʻo lahi ange ʻi he tuʻo taha ʻi he vilo ʻe 36 kimuʻa pea maʻu ha meʻa mei ha peti ki ai. ʻI ha veʻeteka faitotonu noa ʻe taha ʻoku ikuna ia tuʻo taha ʻi he 37.

Pehē naʻe lekooti ʻe he kau tohi ha veʻeteka ʻe taha ʻi ha māhina ʻi he vilo ʻe 500 ʻi he ʻaho: vilo ʻe 15,000. Ko ha fika faitotonu ʻe hā ʻo meimei tuʻo 405, fakalahi pe fakasiʻisiʻi ʻaki ʻa e 20. Ko ha fika naʻe hā tuʻo 465 ʻe muʻomuʻa ia ʻaki ʻa e “fakalahi pe fakasiʻisiʻi” ʻe tolu, ʻa ia ʻoku meimei ʻikai lava ʻo hoko ʻaki pē ʻa e monūʻia. ʻOku ikuna ha fika pehē ʻo meimei tuʻo taha ʻi he vilo ʻe 32, pea ʻoku maʻu ʻe ha peti ki ai ʻa e 11.6%: sipipaʻangaSipiKo ha fakaʻilonga ʻoku fakafofongaʻi ha paʻanga paʻu, ʻoku tuku ki he palani ʻo e tēpile ke fai ʻaki ha peti. ʻOku toe ui: check.Lau kotoa → ʻe 36 ʻoku foki mai ki he 32.3 kotoa pē naʻe peti. Ko ha māhina ʻe taha ʻo e lau faʻa kātaki ʻoku feʻunga ia ke ʻilo ha fehalaaki ʻo e lahi ko ia, ka ʻoku siʻi fau ia ke ʻilo ha taha ʻoku siʻi ange ʻaupito. Ko e vilo ʻe 500 ʻi he ʻaho ko ha fakakaukau pē ia ki he fika; naʻe ʻikai lekooti ʻe ha taha ʻa e vave naʻe lele ai ʻa e ngaahi tēpile ko ia.

Lahi ʻo e SīpingaPeti Fika ʻe Taha ʻi he Lulēti

Hili ia

Naʻe ʻikai fakatau ʻe Jagger ha fale lahi fakaʻeiʻeiki. ʻI he 1881 naʻa ne fakatau ʻa e 6 Greaves Street ʻi Little Horton, Bradford, pea ʻi he taʻu ʻe meimei hongofulu hoko, ʻo fakatatau ki he lau ʻa Fletcher, ha fale fakahokohoko ʻe tolungofulu mā ua ʻi he siʻi taha ʻi he ofi, naʻe nofo totongi ai ha kakai pe nofo ai ʻa e kāinga. ʻOku tui ʻa Fletcher naʻa ne ʻoange ʻa e meimei vahe tolu ʻo e paʻanga ki he ongo tangata naʻa na ō mo ia. ʻOku ʻikai ha fakaʻilonga naʻa ne fakahā ki he kakai ʻa e ikuna. Naʻa ne pekia ʻi he 25 Greaves Street ʻi he 25 ʻEpeleli 1892, taʻu 61; ʻoku tohi ʻi he tohi fakamoʻoni pekia ko e suka. ʻOku tanu ia ʻi he Bethel Chapel ʻi Shelf, ofi ki he feituʻu naʻe fāʻeleʻi ai. Ko e mahuʻinga kakato ʻo ʻene koloa ko e £1,710.

Ko e hiva

Ko e “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” naʻe ʻuluaki hiva ʻi he 1892, ko e taʻu naʻe pekia ai ʻa Jagger, pea naʻe tui fuoloa ʻa hono fāmili ko e hiva ia kiate ia. Naʻe ʻikai. Naʻe faʻu ia ʻe Fred Gilbert hili ʻa e hokohoko ʻa Charles Wells ʻo e 1891, ʻa ia naʻe fonu ai ʻa e ngaahi nusipepa (vakai ki he Ko e Tangata Naʻa ne Maumauʻi ʻa e Pangikē). Naʻe pehē tatau ʻe Charles Kingston ʻi he 1925: naʻe ʻalu ʻa e ongoongo lelei ki he tokotaha kākā naʻe haʻu ʻi he hili ʻa e tangata Yorkshire.

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