Lulēti ʻi he Ngaahi Tohi

Lablée, 1801

Ko e La Roulette, ou le Jour ko ha tohi talanoa ʻoku hoko pē ʻo ʻi ai ʻa e ʻuluaki fakamatala kakato ʻo e vaʻinga: ko e ngaahi loki ʻi he Palais-Royal, ko e noaveʻetekaNoaKo e luo lanu mata pē ʻe taha ʻoku ʻikai kāpui ʻe ha peti totongi tatau, peti tasini pe peti kōlomu; ko e tupuʻanga ia ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasino. ʻOku toe ui: noa ʻe taha, 0.Lau kotoa → ʻe ua, ko e palani ʻo e tēpilemeʻangāuePalani ʻo e tēpileKo e palani peti kuo paaki ʻi he tēpile. ʻOku toe ui: tēpile, felt, cloth.Lau kotoa →, ko e ngaahi ui ʻa e kulupiekakaiKulupieKo e tīla ʻi ha tēpile lulēti.Lau kotoa →. Ko e maʻuʻanga fakamatala tefito ia ki he tupuʻanga ʻo e lulēti pea meimei ʻikai ha taha kuo ne lau ia ko ha tohi talanoa, ʻa ia ʻoku ngalingali ʻoku taau pē.

Dostoevsky, 1866

Naʻe lau ʻa e The Gambler ke tohi ʻi he ʻaho ʻe 26 ke fakakakato ha aleapau mo totongi ʻa e ngaahi moʻua vaʻinga paʻanga naʻe tupu ʻi Wiesbaden mo Homburg. Ko ʻene tokotaha talanoa, ko Alexei, ko ha faiako ʻi ha fāmili Lūsia ʻi “Roulettenburg” ʻoku ne ikuna ha koloa lahi ʻi he ngaahi tēpile pea mole ia, pea mole mo ia tonu, ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e tohi. Ko e ngaahi fakamatala ʻo e ngaahi tēpile, ʻo e ngaahi sisitemi ʻoku ngāueʻaki ʻe he kau vaʻinga, ʻo e tui papau ʻoku pau ke ngata ha hokohoko, mo e founga ʻoku ongoʻi ai ha ikuna ko ha mahinoʻi, ko e fakamatala lelei taha ia ʻo e fehalaaki ʻa e tokotaha peti ʻi ha lea pē, naʻe tohi ʻi he meimei taʻu ʻe nimangofulu kimuʻa ʻi he ʻuliʻulipetiʻUliʻuliPeti totongi tatau ki he fika ʻuliʻuli ʻe 18. Faka-Falanisē: noir.Lau kotoa → ʻe 26 pea ko ha senituli kimuʻa ʻi he ekonōmika fakaʻulungāanga.

Bad Homburg mo e Ngaahi Kasino ʻi he Ngaahi Kolo Vai MafanaRoulettenburg ʻa Dostoevsky

Thackeray mo e ngaahi kolo vai mafana

ʻOku ngata ʻa e Vanity Fair mo Becky Sharp ʻi he ngaahi tēpile ʻo ha kolo vai mafana ʻi Siamane, pea ko e vahe ko ia ko ha fakatātā mahinongofua ʻo e kakai naʻa nau nofo takatakai ʻi ha veʻeteka lulēti ʻi he ngaahi taʻu 1840: ko e kau masiva kuo maumau, ko e kau ʻamanaki, ko e kau fiu mo e kau vaʻinga fakapalofesinale. Naʻe sio ki ai ʻa Thackeray; naʻe ʻi he hala fononga ʻa e kau fononga Pilitānia kotoa pē ʻa Baden-Baden. Ko e Smoke (1867) ʻa Turgenev ʻoku hoko ia ʻi he ngaahi loki tatau.

Jack London, 1912

Ko e “Shorty Dreams”, ko ha talanoa ʻi he Smoke Bellew, ko e talanoa fakafatu pē ia ʻe taha ʻoku tonu ai ha tokotaha vaʻinga lulēti ʻoku ikuna, koeʻuhí ʻoku ʻikai ngāueʻaki ʻe he tokotaha vaʻinga ha sisitemi. Ko Smoke Bellew, ko ha tangata mei San Francisco kuo hoko ko ha tokotaha kumi koula ʻi Klondike, ʻoku nofo ki ha tēpile lulēti ʻi he fale inu Elkhorn ʻi Dawson pea kamata ke ikuna, pō ki he pō, ʻa e tola ʻe 3,500 ʻi he taimi. ʻOku pehē ʻe hono hoa ko Shorty ʻoku pau pē ʻoku ne misi. Ko e kau peti ʻo Dawson, ʻa ia ʻoku nau ʻilo mei he “kau poto matematika ʻi he ngaahi kolisi” ko e lulēti tonu pē ʻa e sisitemi pē ʻe taha, ʻoku nau fakafonu ʻa e ngaahi pepa tohi ʻi heʻenau feinga ke mahinoʻi ʻene ngaahi peti pea ʻikai ha meʻa te nau maʻu, koeʻuhí ʻoku liliu fakataumuʻa ʻe Smoke ʻene vaʻinga, ʻo mole ʻi ha taimi ʻe taha ʻa e peti lahi taha ʻe fāngofulu hokohoko ke fakapuputuʻuʻi ʻa e meʻa ʻoku nau sio ki ai.

ʻOku tānaki fakataha ʻe he kau ʻona vaʻinga ʻe toko hongofulu ʻo e kolo ha pangikē ʻo e tola ʻe 10,000 ʻi ha loki ʻi mui pea fakaafeʻi ia ke vaʻinga ki ai. ʻOkú ne maumauʻi ia ʻi ha houa ʻe taha mo e konga. ʻI heʻenau fehangahangai mo hono holoki ʻo honau fakangatangata ki ha seniti pe tāpuni ʻa e ngaahi tēpile, ʻoku nau fehuʻi pe ko e hā te ne fakatau atu ai ʻa e sisitemi. Tola ʻe tolu mano, ko ʻene lea ia, tolu afe ʻi he tokotaha, totongi ʻaki ʻa e efu koula, pea te ne palōmesi ʻe ʻikai teitei toe vaʻinga ʻaki ia ʻi Dawson. ʻOku nau totongi. Pea ʻokú ne fakahā leva kiate kinautolu: ʻo kapau ʻe tolongi ʻa e pulumeʻangāuePuluKo e kiʻi pulu siʻisiʻi ʻoku tolongi ʻi he hala ʻo fehangahangai mo e konga vilo. Ko e ngaahi pulu ʻo onopooni ʻoku ngaohi ʻaki ʻa e ivorine pe Teflon, 18–21 mm.Lau kotoa → lolotonga ʻoku fehangahangai ʻa e 9 mo e tokotaha tauhi, ʻoku ikuna ʻa e 26; ko e 11 ʻi he fehangahangai ʻoku haʻu ai ʻa e noa uafaʻahingaNoa uaKo e luo 00 ʻo e veʻeteka ʻAmelika. ʻOku hiki hake ʻe hono ʻi ai ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasino mei he 2.70% ki he 5.26%.Lau kotoa →; ko e noa ua ʻi he fehangahangai ʻoku haʻu ai ʻa e 32. “ʻOku ʻikai hoko maʻu pē, ka ʻoku faʻa hoko.” ʻOku taʻofi ʻe Big Burke ʻa e veʻeteka, sio ki ai, sio ki he sitou ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻo e tēpile, pea kapekape. Kuo pikopiko ʻa e veʻeteka ʻi he mafana. Naʻe ʻikai teitei ko ha sisitemi; ko ha veʻeteka hehemalēpiVeʻeteka hehemaKo ha veʻeteka ʻoku ʻi ai hano ngaahi maumau fakatuʻasino ʻoku ne ʻai ke ngalingali lahi ange ʻa e ngaahi luo ʻe niʻihi ʻi he 1/37. ʻOku tātāitaha, pea ʻoku ʻiloʻi pē ʻaki ha ngaahi afe ʻo e ngaahi vilo kuo hiki.Lau kotoa → ia mo ha tangata naʻa ne fakatokangaʻi.

Naʻe nofo ʻa London ʻi Klondike ʻi he faʻahitaʻu momoko ʻo e 1897–98 pea naʻa ne ʻilo ʻa e ngaahi fale inu. Ko e talanoa ko ha lēsoni kakato ia ʻi he vaʻinga kumi tuʻunga lelei ʻi he meimei taʻu ʻe nimangofulu kimuʻa ia Thorp: sio, tohi, peti ki he kongaveʻetekaKongaKo ha konga fakavilo hokohoko ʻo e ngaahi luo ʻi he veʻeteka, ʻoku kehe ia mei ha kulupu ʻi he palani ʻo e tēpile.Lau kotoa →, liliu ʻa e sīpinga koeʻuhí ke ʻoua naʻa sio ʻa e kasino ki he meʻa ʻoku ke sio ki ai, pea fakatau atu kimuʻa pea nau hiki ʻa e tēpile. Naʻe fai ʻe Joseph Jagger ʻa e meʻa moʻoni ʻi Monte Carlo ʻi he meimei 1880; ʻoku fakaoli ange ʻa e talanoa ʻa London pea ko e malanga ʻa e kau peti ʻo kau ki he ʻuhinga ʻoku ʻikai lava ke ngāue ai ʻa e ngaahi sisitemi ʻoku tonu tatau mo ha meʻa pē ʻi he uepisaiti ni.

Lulēti ʻi Monte CarloTui Hala: Ko ha Founga Lulēti ʻoku Ikuna Maʻu Pē

Fleming, 1953

Ko e Casino Royale ʻoku lahi taha ai ʻa e baccarat. ʻI he lulēti ʻoku peti ʻa Bond ki he ʻuluaki tasinipetiTasini1–12, 13–24 pe 25–36, totongi ʻo e 2:1.Lau kotoa → ʻe ua ʻi he peti lahi taha ʻo e tēpile, ʻo kāpui ʻa e vahe tolu ʻe ua ʻo e palani ʻo e tēpile, pea ʻi he konga ko ia ʻoku ikuna ia ʻi he vilo ʻe ono mei he fitu; ʻoku ʻai ʻe Fleming ke ne fakatokangaʻi ʻoku ʻikai ha fekauʻaki ʻa e vilo taki taha mo e vilo kimuʻa. Ko e “founga James Bond” ʻoku fakatau atu ʻi he ʻinitaneti, ko ha mafola ki he 19–36, ko e peti fika ʻe onopetiPeti fika ʻe onoFika ʻe ono ʻi ha laine fakafaʻalalo ʻe ua ʻoku fehokotaki, totongi ʻo e 5:1. Faka-Falanisē: sixain.Lau kotoa → 13–18 mo e noa, ʻoku ʻikai ʻi he tohi talanoa, pe ʻi ha taha ʻo e ngaahi tohi ʻa Fleming naʻa mau vakaiʻi; ʻoku ʻikai ʻiloa pe ko hai naʻa ne ʻuluaki ʻoange ki ai ʻa e hingoa ʻo Bond. ʻOku totongi ʻe he ongo peti ʻa e 2.70% ʻi ha veʻeteka noa ʻe taha. ʻOku ʻi he konga Ngaahi Founga ʻa e fika.

Ngaahi Fakangatangata ʻo e Tēpile Lulēti

Ngaahi tohi moʻoni

ʻOku talanoa ʻa e The Eudaemonic Pie (1985) ʻa Thomas Bass ki he ngaahi komipiuta ʻi he topuva pea ko e tohi lelei taha ia ki he fisiki ʻo e lulēti maʻa ha tokotaha lau angamaheni. Naʻe tohi ʻe Richard Epstein mo Stewart Ethier ʻa e matematika mafatukituki. ʻOku tānaki ʻe he Beating the Wheel (1992) ʻa Russell Barnhart ʻa e hisitōlia ʻo e vaʻinga ʻaki ʻa e hehema. ʻOku teʻeki ai ha taha kuo ne tohi ha tohi faingofua ke lau ʻo kau ki he ʻuhinga ʻoku ʻikai lavameʻa ai ʻa e ngaahi sisitemi, koeʻuhí ʻoku feʻunga ia ʻi ha peesi pē ʻe taha, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi he uepisaiti ni.

Ko e Kau Eudaemons

Ko e meʻa ʻoku ʻilo ʻe he talanoa fakafatu

Ko e sisitemi ko ha founga ia ke ongoʻi ai ʻoku ke puleʻi. Ko ha ikuna ʻoku ongoʻi hangē ha ʻilo. Ko e hokohoko ʻoku ʻikai lava ke hokohoko atu ʻoku hokohoko atu pē. Ko e tokotaha vaʻinga pē ʻoku ikuna moʻoni ko ia kuo ne ʻilo ha meʻa ʻoku hala ʻi he veʻeteka, pea ʻoku totonu ke ne fakatau vave atu. Ko e tēpile ko e feituʻu ia ʻoku fakahā ai ʻe ha tokotaha pe ko hai ia ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻikai ʻiate ia ʻa e ola. ʻOku pehē ʻe he matematika ʻa e ngaahi meʻa tatau ʻi he fika; ka naʻe ʻuluaki pehē ia ʻe he kau faʻu tohi talanoa.

Ngaahi fehuʻi