Ngaahi Fakavaʻinga Lulēti
Ko e ngaahi sipi kamata tatau, ko ha lahi paʻu ʻo e vilo, mo ha pale ki he tokotaha ʻoku muʻa ʻi he ngataʻanga. ʻI he ngaahi fakavaʻinga lulēti, ʻoku mahuʻinga foki ʻa e ngaahi sipi ʻa e kau vaʻinga kehe.

ʻI ha fakavaʻinga ʻoku maʻu ʻe he tokotaha vaʻinga kotoa pē ʻa e ngaahi sipi paʻanga vaʻinga pē tatau mo e ngaahi vilo tatau; ʻoku ʻalu ʻa e pale ki he sipi lahi taha ʻi he ngataʻanga. ʻOku kei ngāue pē ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasinomatematikaTuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasinoKo e konga ʻo e peti takitaha ʻoku tauhi ʻe he kasino ʻi he ʻavalisi: 2.70% ʻi he lulēti ʻIulope.Lau kotoa → ki he peti kotoa pē, ka ko e taumuʻa ke ikunaʻi ʻa e kau vaʻinga kehe, ʻo ʻikai ko e veʻeteka, pea ʻoku liliu ai ʻa e ngaahi peti ʻoku totonu.
ʻOku anga fēfē hono fakalele ʻo ha fakavaʻinga lulēti?
Totongi hū, ngaahi sipipaʻangaSipiKo ha fakaʻilonga ʻoku fakafofongaʻi ha paʻanga paʻu, ʻoku tuku ki he palani ʻo e tēpile ke fai ʻaki ha peti. ʻOku toe ui: check.Lau kotoa → fakavaʻinga tatau, ko ha lahi paʻu ʻo e vilo (faʻa 20 ki he 50) pe ko ha fakangatangata taimi, mo ha paʻanga pale ʻoku totongi ki he kau ʻi ʻolunga taha. ʻOku ʻikai ha mahuʻinga fakapaʻanga ʻo e ngaahi sipi fakavaʻinga; ko e pale pē ʻa e paʻanga. ʻOku fakalele ha fakavaʻinga lulēti ʻi he ʻinitaneti ʻi ha tēpile RNG pe hangatonu mo ha lisi tuʻunga; ko e ngaahi fakavaʻinga ʻi he loto kasino ʻoku fai tātātaha pē.

Ko e hā ʻoku ʻi ai ai ha founga heni
ʻI he lulēti angamaheni ko e taumuʻa ko e paʻanga pea ʻoku tatau ʻa e ʻamanekina nekativi ʻo e peti kotoa pē, ko ia ko e founga pē ʻe taha ko e lahi ʻo e peti mo e vave. ʻI ha fakavaʻinga ko e taumuʻa ko e tuʻunga. Ko hono tuʻu ko hono ua mo ha mole lahi ʻoku mahuʻinga tatau mo hono tuʻu ko hono ua mo ha mole siʻisiʻi: ʻikai ha meʻa. Ko e meʻa ʻoku mahuʻinga ko e ngalingalimatematikaNgalingaliKo e faingamālie ʻo ha ola, mei he 0 ki he 1 pe 0% ki he 100%. Fika ʻe taha: 1/37 = 2.70%.Lau kotoa → ke ke ngata ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he kau vaʻinga kehe, pea ʻoku fakatuʻunga ia ʻi he vēlianimatematikaVēlianiKo ha fua ʻo hono mafola ʻo e ngaahi ola takatakai ʻi he mahuʻinga ʻamanekina. Māʻolunga ki he peti fika ʻe taha, māʻulalo ki he ngaahi peti totongi tatau.Lau kotoa →, ʻo ʻikai ko e ʻamanekina. Ko ha tokotaha vaʻinga ʻoku ʻi mui, ʻe totonu ke ne peti vēliani māʻolunga (ngaahi peti fika ʻe tahapetiPeti fika ʻe tahaFika pē ʻe taha, totongi ʻo e 35:1.Lau kotoa →) ke maʻu ha faingamālie ke aʻu atu; ko ha tokotaha vaʻinga ʻoku ʻi muʻa, ʻe totonu ke ne peti vēliani māʻulalo pe ʻikai peti ke maluʻi ʻa ʻene muʻa.
Ko e fika ʻo hono aʻu atu
Fakapapau ʻoku ke ʻi mui ʻi he tokotaha ʻi muʻa ʻaki ha sipi ʻe 300 pea toe ha vilo ʻe tolu mo ha sipi ʻe 200 ʻi ho nima. ʻOku fiemaʻu ʻe he ngaahi peti totongi tataupetiPeti totongi tatauKulokula/ʻuliʻuli, taʻehoa/hoa, māʻolunga/māʻulalo. Fika ʻe 18, totongi ʻo e 1:1.Lau kotoa → ha ikuna ʻe ua hokohoko, ʻaki ʻa e kotoa: 200 ki he 400 ki he 800, meimei 24%. Ko ha peti fika ʻe taha ʻaki ha sipi ʻe 10 ʻoku totongi ʻa e 350 pea ʻoku lava ʻa e ngāue ʻi he ngalingali ʻo e 1/37 ʻi he vilo; ko e feinga ʻe tolu ʻoku meimei 8%. Ko ha peti fika ʻe uapetiPeti fika ʻe uaFika ʻe ua ʻoku fehokotaki, totongi ʻo e 17:1.Lau kotoa → ʻaki ha sipi ʻe 20 ʻoku totongi ʻa e 340 ʻi he ngalingali ʻo e 2/37 ʻi he vilo; ko e feinga ʻe tolu ʻoku meimei 15%. Ko e fili ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo ha faingamālie siʻisiʻi ke ikuna mo ha faingamālie lahi ke tuʻu ko hono ua pē. ʻI he fakavaʻinga, ko hono ua ko e noa ia, ko ia ko e vaʻinga vēliani māʻolunga ʻa e totonu.
Ko e hā ʻoku ʻikai liliu
ʻOku kei ʻi he peti kotoa pē ʻa e EV ʻo e −1/37 ʻo ʻene peti ʻi he sipi fakavaʻinga. ʻI he kau vaʻinga kotoa, ʻoku tafe ʻa e ngaahi sipi ki he kasino ʻi he 2.70% ʻo e fakakātoa ʻo e petipaʻangaFakakātoa ʻo e petiKo e fakakātoa ʻo e paʻanga naʻe peti ʻaki ʻi ha taimi vaʻinga pe vahaʻa taimi, kau ai ʻa e paʻanga naʻe ikunaʻi kuo toe peti ʻaki. ʻOku toe ui: handle, action.Lau kotoa →; ʻoku haʻu ʻa e paʻanga pale mei he ngaahi totongi hū. ʻOku ʻikai ngaohi ʻe he fakavaʻinga ʻa e lulēti ke lava ʻo ikunaʻi; kuo ne ngaohi ʻa e fili ko e kau vaʻinga kehe, pea ʻoku hoko ʻa e vēliani ko ha meʻangāue kiate kinautolu. Ko e tuʻunga lulēti pē ʻeni ʻe taha ʻoku ʻuhinga ai ʻa e “founga” ki ha meʻa, pea ko ha founga ia ki he tuʻunga, ʻo ʻikai ki he veʻeteka.
Ko e fakanounou faitotonu
Kapau ʻoku ke fiefia ʻi he lulēti pea ke fiemaʻu ke ʻi ai ha ngaahi fili ʻi he vaʻinga, ʻoku ʻomi ia ʻe ha fakavaʻinga. Ko e totongi hū ʻa e totongi; ʻoku toʻo ʻe he kasino hono konga ʻo e paʻanga pale; ko e toenga ko ha fakafeʻauhi ʻi hono puleʻi ʻo e vēliani ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e kakai ʻoku nau fehangahangai kotoa mo e veʻeteka tatau.
Ngaahi fehuʻi
ʻIkai. ʻOku ʻikai ha mahuʻinga fakapaʻanga ʻo e ngaahi sipi fakavaʻinga.
Vēliani māʻulalo ʻi he taimi ʻoku ke ʻi muʻa ai, māʻolunga ʻi he taimi ʻoku ke ʻi mui ai, pea vakai ki he ngaahi sipi ʻa e niʻihi kehe. ʻOku tatau ʻa e veʻeteka ki he tokotaha kotoa pē.
Mei he ngaahi totongi hū pea mei he kau vaʻinga ʻoku nau tangutu hili ia ʻi he ngaahi tēpile moʻoni.
Meʻa fakaoli

Ki he veʻeteka, ʻikai ha founga. Ki he kau vaʻinga kehe, ko e vēliani ko ha founga.
Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga
- Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling.
- Epstein, R. A. The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd ed.