Ngaahi Veʻeteka Lulēti ʻi Las Vegas
Noa ua ko e angamaheni, noa ʻe taha ʻo kapau te ke totongi, pea ko e feituʻu pē ʻe taha naʻe tali ai ʻa e noa hono tolu.

ʻOku fakalele ʻe Las Vegas ʻa e lulēti ʻAmelikafaʻahingaLulēti ʻAmelikaVeʻeteka mo e 0 mo e 00, luo ʻe 38, tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasino 5.26%. ʻOku ʻikai ko e sīpinga tefito ia ʻo e uepisaiti ni.Lau kotoa → ʻi he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi tēpile, veʻeteka noa ʻe taha ʻi he ngaahi loki fakangatangata māʻolunga, pea ko e veʻeteka noa tolu ʻi he peti siʻi taha māʻulalo ʻi he Strip talu mei he 2016. Ko e peti siʻi taha ʻo e tēpile, ʻikai ko e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasinomatematikaTuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasinoKo e konga ʻo e peti takitaha ʻoku tauhi ʻe he kasino ʻi he ʻavalisi: 2.70% ʻi he lulēti ʻIulope.Lau kotoa →, ʻa e meʻa ʻoku fakahā ʻe he palani ʻo e tēpilemeʻangāuePalani ʻo e tēpileKo e palani peti kuo paaki ʻi he tēpile. ʻOku toe ui: tēpile, felt, cloth.Lau kotoa →.
Ko e veʻeteka angamaheni
Naʻe aʻu mai ʻa e lulēti ki he ʻIunaite Sitetí mo e noaveʻetekaNoaKo e luo lanu mata pē ʻe taha ʻoku ʻikai kāpui ʻe ha peti totongi tatau, peti tasini pe peti kōlomu; ko e tupuʻanga ia ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasino. ʻOku toe ui: noa ʻe taha, 0.Lau kotoa → ʻe ua kimuʻa pea toʻo ʻe Blanc ʻa e taha ʻi ʻIulope, pea naʻe ʻikai ha ʻuhinga ke muimui ai ha kasino ʻAmelika. ʻOku ngāueʻaki angamaheni ʻe he ngaahi kasino ʻo Nevada ʻa e veʻeteka luomeʻangāueLuoKo e taha ʻo e ngaahi luo ʻe 37 ʻoku fakafika ʻi he konga vilo. ʻOku toe ui: slot, cup.Lau kotoa → ʻe 38: 5.26% ʻi he peti kotoa pē, 7.89% ʻi he peti fika ʻe nima. ʻOku kehe ʻa e hokohoko ʻo e ngaahi fika ʻi he veʻeteka ʻAmelika mei he veʻeteka ʻIulope pea ʻoku tātātaha ʻa e ngaahi peti uitēpilePeti uiKo ha peti ʻoku fakahā ki he tīla kae ʻikai tuku ʻaki ʻa e nima, ʻo faʻa hoko ko ha peti ki ha konga ʻo e veʻeteka hangē ko e voisins pe tiers. ʻOku toe ui “peti fakahā”.Lau kotoa →; ʻoku hā lahi ʻa e hala leletēpileHala leleKo e konga fōtunga fua ʻi he ngaahi palani ʻo e tēpile hangatonu mo fakaʻelekitulōnika ʻoku fakahā ai ʻa e ngaahi fika ʻo hangē ko hono hokohoko ʻi he veʻeteka, ʻoku ngāueʻaki ke tuku ʻa e peti kaungāʻapi mo e peti konga ʻaki ha lomiʻi pē ʻe taha.Lau kotoa → ʻi he ngaahi mīsini ʻelekitulōnika.
Noa ʻe taha, ʻo kapau te ke totongi
ʻOku ʻoatu ʻe he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi kasino ʻi he Strip ha veʻeteka noa ʻe taha ʻi ha feituʻu, ʻo faʻa ʻi ha loki fakangatangata māʻolunga mo ha peti siʻi taha ʻo e $50 ki he $100. ʻOku pehē ʻe he fika ko ha peti ʻo e $100 ʻi he noa ʻe taha ʻoku totongi ʻa e $2.70 ʻi he vilo pea ko ha peti ʻo e $25 ʻi he noa ua ʻoku totongi ʻa e $1.32; ʻoku siʻi ange ʻa e totongi ʻo e tēpile lelei ange ki he tola taki taha pea mamafa ange ki he vilo taki taha. Ko ha tokotaha vaʻinga mo ha paʻanga vaʻingapaʻangaPaʻanga vaʻingaKo e fakakātoa ʻo e paʻanga kuo vahe ke vaʻinga ʻaki. Ko e puleʻi ʻo e paʻanga vaʻinga ko e fili pe ko e hā hono lahi ʻoku tuku ki he fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi he peti takitaha mo e taimi vaʻinga takitaha.Lau kotoa → siʻisiʻi ʻoku ʻikai lava ke ne aʻu ki he faingamālie lelei ange, pea ko e palani ia.
Lulēti noa tolu ʻi Las Vegas
ʻI he 2016 naʻe fakafeʻiloaki ʻe ha kasino ʻi he Strip ha veʻeteka luo ʻe 39 mo e 0, 00 mo ha 000 naʻe fakaʻilongaʻi ʻaki ha lōko, mo ha peti siʻi taha māʻulalo. Naʻe muimui ai ʻa e niʻihi kehe. ʻI he 7.69% ko e lulēti angamaheni mamafa taha ia ʻi māmani, pea kuo mafola ia koeʻuhí ko e kau vaʻinga ʻoku nofo ʻi he ngaahi tēpile $5 ʻoku nau fakahoa ʻa e peti siʻi taha kae ʻikai ko e ngaahi luo. Kuo ʻikai ke mafola ia ki he ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku ofi ai ha tēpile noa ʻe taha ʻi ha lomiʻi pē ʻe taha.
Ko e kau Eudaemons mo e Ritz, ʻi Nevada
Ko Las Vegas foki ʻa e feituʻu naʻe ngāueʻaki ai ʻe he kau Eudaemons ʻenau ngaahi komipiuta fufū ʻi he 1978, ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai ngāue lelei ai ʻenau ngaahi komipiuta ʻi he topuva ʻi he 1981, pea naʻe sivi ai ʻe Thorp mo Shannon ʻenau meʻa ʻi he 1961. Naʻe tali ʻe Nevada ʻi he 1985 ʻaki ha lao ʻoku ne ʻai ko ha hia lahi ʻa hono maʻu ha meʻa ke tomuʻa ʻilo ʻaki ʻa e ola ʻo e vaʻinga, ko e ʻuluaki lao pehē pea ko e sīpinga ia ki he niʻihi kehe. ʻOku fetongi ʻe he ngaahi kasino heni ʻa e ʻulu ʻo e veʻetekameʻangāueʻUlu ʻo e veʻetekaʻUhinga tatau mo e konga vilo: ko e konga ʻoku vilo ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fika.Lau kotoa → pea fua ʻa e ngaahi luo ʻo angamaheni pē hangē ko e feituʻu kotoa pē.
Lulēti ʻelekitulōnika
ʻOku angamaheni ʻi he Strip ʻa e ngaahi laine ʻo e ngaahi mīsini ʻoku takatakai ʻi ha veʻeteka fisiki pē ʻe taha (pe ha veʻeteka fakaʻotomētiki ʻoku tolongi ʻe he ʻea ʻa e pulu) pea ʻoku nau fakaʻatā ha tokotaha vaʻinga ke peti ʻa e $1 ʻi ha veʻeteka ʻe totongi ai ʻa e $25 ʻi he tēpile. Ko e faingamālie ko e faingamālie ia ʻo e veʻeteka: ʻo faʻa noa uafaʻahingaNoa uaKo e luo 00 ʻo e veʻeteka ʻAmelika. ʻOku hiki hake ʻe hono ʻi ai ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasino mei he 2.70% ki he 5.26%.Lau kotoa →, pea ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ko e noa ʻe taha. ʻOku maʻu lahi ange ʻa e hala lele mo e ngaahi peti ui ʻi he sikuli ʻi he tēpile.

Ngaahi faingamālie makehe mo ha veʻeteka taʻe noa
Kuo tuʻo niʻihi ʻa e holoki ʻe he ngaahi kasino ʻi Las Vegas ʻa e totongi. ʻI ha taimi nounou ʻi he 1991 naʻe totongi ʻe he Four Queens ʻi Downtown ʻa e 36 ki he 1 ki he fika ʻe taha ʻi hono ngaahi tēpile noa ua, ʻa ia naʻe vaeua ai ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e peti fika ʻe taha ki he 2.63%; naʻe ʻikai liliu ʻa e ngaahi peti kehe. ʻI he ngaahi taʻu 1980 naʻe fakalele ʻe he Vegas World ʻa Bob Stupak ʻa e “Polish Roulette”, ʻa ia ko e ngaahi peti ʻo e $5 pe siʻi ange naʻe hiki pē ki he vilo hoko ʻo kapau ʻe tō ʻa e 0 pe 00. ʻI hono toʻo ʻo e ongo noa mei he vaʻinga, ko ha vaʻinga faitotonumatematikaVaʻinga faitotonuKo ha vaʻinga ʻoku ʻikai maʻu ʻe ha tafaʻaki ha tuʻunga lelei: ko e peti kotoa pē ʻoku noa hono mahuʻinga ʻamanekina.Lau kotoa → ia. Ko e meʻa naʻe fufū ko e fakangatangata ʻo e $5: ko ha tokotaha vaʻinga MartingalefoungaMartingaleFakalakalaka peti ʻoku ne fakaua ʻa e peti hili ʻa e mole takitaha. Vakai ki he konga Ngaahi Founga ki he meʻa ʻoku ne fai mo e meʻa ʻoku ʻikai te ne fai.Lau kotoa → ʻoku kamata ʻi he $1 naʻe lava pē ke mole tuʻo tolu ($1, $2, $4) kimuʻa pea maumauʻi ia ʻe he peti hoko. Naʻe ʻikai ʻai ʻe he fakangatangata ke taʻefaitotonu ʻa e vaʻinga; naʻa ne ʻai ke taʻeʻaonga ʻa e Martingale. ʻI hono hiki ʻo e ngaahi peti ʻi he ongo noa, ko e peti kotoa pē ko ha 50-50 tonu, ko ia ko hono mole tuʻo tolu hokohoko ($7 kuo mole) naʻe tatau tonu hono ngalingali mo hono ikuna tuʻo tolu hokohoko ʻi he $1 ($3 kuo maʻu), pea ko ha Martingale ʻoku taʻofi ʻi he sitepu ʻe tolu, ʻa ia ʻoku ikuna ʻa e $1 tuʻo fitu ʻi he valu pea mole ʻa e $7 tuʻo taha ʻi he valu, naʻe ʻavalisi ia ki he noa tonu.
Ngaahi Bonasi, Fakatau Fakalahi mo e Paʻanga Fakafoki ʻi he Lulēti
Ngaahi fehuʻi
ʻIo, ʻi he lahi taha ʻi he ngaahi loki fakangatangata māʻolunga. ʻOku ʻoatu ia ʻe ha kasino siʻi ʻi he loki lahi mo ha peti siʻi taha māʻolunga ange.
ʻOku tātātaha. Naʻe angamaheni ange ia ʻi Atlantic City, ʻa ia naʻa ne ʻomi ʻa e ngaahi peti totongi tataupetiPeti totongi tatauKulokula/ʻuliʻuli, taʻehoa/hoa, māʻolunga/māʻulalo. Fika ʻe 18, totongi ʻo e 1:1.Lau kotoa → ki he 2.63%.
$5 × 7.69% = 38¢ ʻi he vilo; $10 × 5.26% = 53¢. ʻOku maʻamaʻa ange ʻa e tēpile noa tolu ki he vilo taki taha pea mamafa ange ki he tola taki taha. Fili pe ko e hā ʻoku ke fakatau.
Meʻa fakaoli

ʻOku fakahā ʻa e peti siʻi taha. ʻOku ʻikai fakahā ʻa e ngaahi luo.
Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette.