Fakangatangata Mole / Fakangatangata Ikuna

Fakangatangata mole

Fokotuʻu ʻa e lahi ʻoku ke loto ke mole pea mavahe ʻo ka ʻosi ia. ʻOku ne fakangatangata ʻa e meʻa kovi taha, fakaʻosi ʻa e taimi vaʻinga ki muʻa pea kamata ʻa e tuli ʻa e mole, pea ʻe lava ke fakakaukau fika ʻa e totongi ʻamanekina ʻo e efiafi: ʻoku ʻikai teitei lahi ange ʻi he fakangatangata molefoungaFakangatangata moleKo ha lahi ʻo e mole kuo fokotuʻu ki muʻa ʻa ia te ke fakaʻosi ai ʻa e taimi vaʻinga.Lau kotoa →, pea ʻoku faʻa siʻi ange. ʻI he ngaahi lao kotoa ʻi he uepisaiti ni, ko e lao ia ʻoku ne liliu falalaʻanga taha ʻa e meʻa ʻoku hoko ki ha tokotaha vaʻinga, koeʻuhī ko e lao pē ia ʻoku ne fakaʻosi falalaʻanga ha taimi vaʻinga.

Fakangatangata ikuna

Fokotuʻu ha taumuʻa pea mavahe ʻo ka ke aʻu ki ai. ʻOku ne ngaohi ke lahi ange ʻa e ngaahi taimi vaʻinga ikuna ka ʻoku siʻi ange. ʻI ha ngaahi taimi vaʻinga lahi ko e ʻavalisi ko e −2.70% pē ʻo e fakakātoa ʻo e petipaʻangaFakakātoa ʻo e petiKo e fakakātoa ʻo e paʻanga naʻe peti ʻaki ʻi ha taimi vaʻinga pe vahaʻa taimi, kau ai ʻa e paʻanga naʻe ikunaʻi kuo toe peti ʻaki. ʻOku toe ui: handle, action.Lau kotoa →; kuo ke vahevahe kehe pē ʻa e taimi ʻoku aʻu mai ai ʻa e ngaahi mole, ʻo ʻikai toʻo ia. Ko e lea “loka ʻa e tupu” ʻoku ne fakamatalaʻi ha ongoʻi. Ko e vilo hoko naʻe pau maʻu pē ke 18/37 neongo pe te ke vaʻinga ia ʻi he pō ni pe ʻi he uike kahaʻu.

Ko ha fakakikihi motuʻa

Kuo fuoloa ʻa e fakakikihi pe ʻoku tokoni ke taʻofi lolotonga ʻoku ke kei tupu. Naʻe tui ʻa e tokotaha poto ʻi he fakakaukau totonu ko John Venn ko ha tokotaha vaʻinga ʻoku ne fili toko taha pē ʻa e taimi ke taʻofi ʻoku ʻiate ia ʻa e tuʻunga lelei, kapau ʻoku taʻefakangatangata ʻa e nō. Naʻe tali ʻe Lord Rayleigh ʻoku mole ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ko ia ʻo ka fakangatangata ʻa e koloa ʻa e ongo faʻahi, pea ʻoku loto tatau ʻa e ngaahi fakamoʻoni matematika ʻo onopooni: ʻoku ʻikai liliu ʻe ha lao ki he taimi ke taʻofi ʻa e ola ʻavalisi ʻi he iunitipaʻangaIunitiKo e peti tefito ʻoku ngāueʻaki ʻe ha sisitemi pe ha tokotaha vaʻinga. ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakalakalaka peti ʻaki ʻa e iuniti koeʻuhi ke ngāue ʻi ha tēpile pē.Lau kotoa → takitaha ʻoku peti (Epstein, 2013). ʻOku ʻi ai ha kupuʻi lea Falanisē ki hono mavahe mei he tēpile lolotonga ʻoku ke kei tupu, faire Charlemagne. ʻOku ne fakahingoa ha anga, ʻo ʻikai ko ha tuʻunga lelei.

Ko e hā ʻoku lelei ange ai ʻa e ʻavalisi

ʻOku ʻikai koeʻuhī ʻoku maʻu ʻe he taʻofi ha taimi lelei ke mavahe ai. Ka koeʻuhī ko ha taimi vaʻinga ʻoku ngata hili ha vilo ʻe 60 kuo peti ʻa e peti ʻe 60 ʻo ʻikai ko e 100 pea kuo ne totongi ʻa e 2.70% ʻi ha tola siʻi ange. Ko ha lao pē ʻoku ne holoki ʻa e fakakātoa ʻo e peti ʻoku ne holoki ʻa e mole ʻamanekinamatematikaMole ʻamanekinaKo e mahuʻinga ʻamanekina liunga ʻaki ʻa e fakakātoa ʻo e paʻanga naʻe peti ʻaki; ko e ʻavalisi ʻo e paʻanga ʻoku mole ʻi ha taimi vaʻinga pe ha vahaʻa taimi.Lau kotoa → ʻi he vahe tatau tofu pē: ko ha fakangatangata mole, ko ha fakangatangata ikunafoungaFakangatangata ikunaKo ha taumuʻa tupu kuo fokotuʻu ki muʻa ʻa ia te ke fakaʻosi ai ʻa e taimi vaʻinga.Lau kotoa →, ko ha fakangatangata taimi, ko ha lau ʻo e vilo pe ko ha peti siʻi ange pē.

Fili ʻa e ngaahi fika

Ko ha fakangatangata mole ʻo e 20–40% ʻo e patiseti ʻo e taimi vaʻinga ʻoku ne ngaohi ke lava ke kātakiʻi ha pō kovi, kae ʻikai ke fuʻu fāsiʻi ʻo ueʻi ia ʻe he vēlianimatematikaVēlianiKo ha fua ʻo hono mafola ʻo e ngaahi ola takatakai ʻi he mahuʻinga ʻamanekina. Māʻolunga ki he peti fika ʻe taha, māʻulalo ki he ngaahi peti totongi tatau.Lau kotoa → angamaheni ʻi he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi pō. Ko ha fakangatangata ikuna ʻo e 20–50% ʻo e patiseti ʻoku lava ke aʻu ki ai ʻi ha taimi vaʻinga angamaheni (ʻoku aʻu ʻa e peti totongi tatau ki he +$100 mei he $500 ʻi ha taimi ʻi he meimei konga ʻo e ngaahi taimi vaʻinga ʻo e vilo ʻe 100) kae ʻikai ko ha meʻa siʻisiʻi. ʻOku fakafoʻituitui ʻa e ngaahi fika; ka ʻoku ʻikai fakafoʻituitui ʻa e akonekina ke tohi ʻa kinautolu.

Ko e lao ki he ngaahi lao

ʻOku ngāue pē ha lao taʻofi kapau naʻe fili ia ki muʻa ʻi he taimi vaʻinga pea ʻikai toe liliu lolotonga ia. “Toe vilo pē ʻe taha ke u foki ki he tatau” ko e fakangatangata mole ia ʻoku toe alea ki ai ʻe he tokotaha naʻe faʻu ia ke ne maluʻi. Kapau te ke ʻilo ʻoku hoko ia, fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e peti ʻo ʻikai hiki ʻa e fakangatangata.

Ngaahi fehuʻi