Ko e Tangata Naʻa ne Maumauʻi ʻa e Pangikē

Ko hai ia

Ko Charles Deville Wells (1841–1922) ko ha ʻenisinia mo ha tokotaha kākā toutou naʻa ne tānaki paʻanga mei he kau fakahū paʻanga ki ha ngaahi meʻa foʻou naʻe ʻikai ke ʻi ai. ʻI Siulai 1891 naʻa ne aʻu ki Monte Carlo mo e £4,000 ʻo e faʻahinga paʻanga ko ia. ʻI he ʻaho ʻe nima naʻa ne maumauʻi ai ʻa e pangikē, ʻa ia ko hono fakaʻosi ʻa e paʻanga tauhi ʻa ha tēpile, tuʻo lahi, pea naʻa ne mavahe mo e meimei £40,000 ʻo fakatatau ki heʻene lea pē ʻaʻana, ko e miliona pāuni ʻe niʻihi ʻi he ʻaho ni.

Lulēti ʻi Monte Carlo

Ko e meʻa naʻa ne fai moʻoni

Naʻa ne pehē ʻoku ʻi ai haʻane sisitemi ʻoku ʻikai lava ke hala, pea naʻe ʻikai te ne teitei fakahā pe ko e hā ia. Naʻe ʻikai sio ʻa e kau fakamoʻoni ki ha sīpinga mahino ʻi heʻene vaʻinga, pea ʻoku ʻikai ha fakamatala falalaʻanga ʻoku ne fakahingoa ha founga; ko e MartingalefoungaMartingaleFakalakalaka peti ʻoku ne fakaua ʻa e peti hili ʻa e mole takitaha. Vakai ki he konga Ngaahi Founga ki he meʻa ʻoku ne fai mo e meʻa ʻoku ʻikai te ne fai.Lau kotoa → ʻoku faʻa fakapipiki ki hono hingoa ko ha tala pē. ʻOku ʻikai mahuʻinga ia: ko e sisitemi kotoa pē ʻi he palani ʻo e tēpilemeʻangāuePalani ʻo e tēpileKo e palani peti kuo paaki ʻi he tēpile. ʻOku toe ui: tēpile, felt, cloth.Lau kotoa → ʻoku tatau hono mahuʻinga ʻamanekinamatematikaMahuʻinga ʻamanekinaKo e ola ʻavalisi ʻi he peti takitaha ʻi he taimi lōloa. −1/37 ʻo e peti ki he peti ʻIulope angamaheni kotoa pē.Lau kotoa →, ko ia neongo pe ko e hā naʻa ne fai, ko e ola ko ha hokohoko lōloa ʻo e monūʻia. Ko e ngalingalimatematikaNgalingaliKo e faingamālie ʻo ha ola, mei he 0 ki he 1 pe 0% ki he 100%. Fika ʻe taha: 1/37 = 2.70%.Lau kotoa → ʻo ha hokohoko monūʻia ʻoku lōloa hangē ko ʻene ʻoku siʻi ki ha tokotaha vaʻinga pē ʻe taha pea lahi ki he laui afe ʻoku nau hū ki ha kasino ʻi ha faʻahitaʻu ʻe taha. Naʻe pau ke ʻi ai ha taha ke hoko ko Wells. Ko Wells ia.

Ko e hiva

Ko e “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” (1892) ʻa Fred Gilbert, naʻe hiva ʻaki ʻe Charles Coborn, naʻe ʻiloa lahi ʻaupito ia ʻi he ngaahi music hall ʻo Lonitoni pea naʻe aʻu ki ʻAmelika. ʻOku lue fiepoto ʻa e tokotaha talanoa ʻi he hala lahi ʻo hangē ha tokotaha tauʻatāina, pea talu mei ai mo e ʻuhinga ʻo e lea “broke the bank” ko ha ikuna fakaofo. ʻOku ʻikai lave ʻa e hiva ki he ʻaʻahi hono ua.

Ko e ʻaʻahi hono ua mo e hili ia

Naʻe foki mai ʻa Wells ʻi he faʻahitaʻu tō lau ko ia pea toe ikuna, pea mole ai ha konga ʻo e paʻanga ʻi ha ʻaʻahi ʻi he faʻahitaʻu momoko ʻo e 1891–92. Naʻa ne fakamoleki lahi ki ha vaka fakafiefia mahuʻinga, ko e Palais Royale, ʻaki ʻa e paʻanga ʻa e kau fakahū paʻanga; naʻe ʻikai teitei aʻu ia ki Monte Carlo. ʻI he konga ki mui ʻo e 1892 naʻe puke ia ʻe he kau polisi Falanisē ʻi Le Havre, pea ʻi Maʻasi 1893 naʻe tautea ia ʻe ha fakamaau ʻi Lonitoni ki he taʻu ʻe valu ʻo e ngāue pōpula koeʻuhi ko e kākā. Naʻe tukuange ia ʻi he 1899, maʻu ha toe taʻu ʻe tolu ʻi he 1906 koeʻuhi ko ha kākā kehe, pea ʻi he meimei 1911 naʻa ne fakalele ha pangikē loi ʻi Palesi naʻe palōmesi ʻa e 1% ʻi he ʻaho, ʻa ia naʻe tuku ai ia ki ha pilīsone Falanisē. Naʻe pekia ia ʻi Lonitoni ʻi he 1922. Ko e kasino, ʻa ia naʻe totongi ʻa e £40,000 ʻi he 1891 pea maʻu ha meʻa lahi ange ai ʻi he ongoongo, naʻe lelei ʻaupito kiate ia ʻa e meʻa kotoa ni.

Ko e ʻuhinga ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e talanoa

Ko e sīpinga mahino taha ia ʻo ha sisitemi ʻoku “ngāue” pea ʻikai ai. Naʻe ʻikai fai ha meʻa ʻe he sisitemi ʻi he taimi ʻe ua; naʻe haʻu ʻa e monūʻia pea ʻalu, hangē ko e pehē ʻe he ngaahi peesi ʻo e vēlianimatematikaVēlianiKo ha fua ʻo hono mafola ʻo e ngaahi ola takatakai ʻi he mahuʻinga ʻamanekina. Māʻolunga ki he peti fika ʻe taha, māʻulalo ki he ngaahi peti totongi tatau.Lau kotoa → ʻoku pau ke hoko. Naʻe mole ʻa e paʻanga ʻa e kasino ʻi ha uike ʻe taha pea naʻa ne maʻu ha talatupuʻa. Ko e sisitemi kotoa pē kuo fakatau atu talu mei ai ʻoku ʻi ai hano Wells ʻi hono ngaahi fakamoʻoni, pea ko kinautolu kotoa ʻoku ʻi ai ha ʻaʻahi hono ua ʻoku ʻikai lave ki ai ʻa e fakamoʻoni.

Ngaahi fehuʻi