Lulēti Pulu ʻe Ua
Pulu ʻe ua ʻi ha veʻeteka ʻe taha. ʻOku fie maʻu ʻe he ngaahi peti ʻi lotopetiPeti ʻi lotoKo ha peti pē ʻoku tuku ki he ngaahi fika ʻo e palani pe ʻi honau vahaʻa: peti fika ʻe taha, peti fika ʻe ua, peti fika ʻe tolu, peti tuliki, peti fika ʻe ono.Lau kotoa → ha pulu ʻe taha; ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe he ngaahi peti ʻi tuʻa ʻa e ongo pulu.
ʻI he lulēti pulu ʻe ua, ʻoku fana fakataha ʻa e pulu ʻe ua pea tō tauʻatāina, ko ia ʻoku na tō ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ki he luo tatau. ʻOku ikuna ʻa e ngaahi peti ʻi loto kapau ʻe tō ki ai ha taha ʻo e ongo pulu, ʻi he vaeua ʻo e totongi angamaheni, pea totongi liunga ua kapau ʻe tō ki ai ʻa e ongo pulu. ʻOku ikuna pē ʻa e ngaahi peti ʻi tuʻa kapau ʻoku loto taha ʻa e ongo pulu, ʻa ia ʻoku liunga ua ai honau mamafa ʻi ha tēpile pulu ʻe taha. ʻOku totongi ʻa e peti sēkipoti kapau ʻe tō ʻa e ongo pulu ki hoʻo fika.
Ngaahi peti ʻi loto
ʻOku ikuna hoʻo peti fika ʻe tahapetiPeti fika ʻe tahaFika pē ʻe taha, totongi ʻo e 35:1.Lau kotoa → kapau ʻe tō ki ai ha taha ʻo e ongo pulumeʻangāuePuluKo e kiʻi pulu siʻisiʻi ʻoku tolongi ʻi he hala ʻo fehangahangai mo e konga vilo. Ko e ngaahi pulu ʻo onopooni ʻoku ngaohi ʻaki ʻa e ivorine pe Teflon, 18–21 mm.Lau kotoa → pea totongi ʻa e 17 ki he 1 ki he pulu taki taha ʻoku tō ki ai, ko ia ko e 34 ki he 1 kapau ʻe tō fakatouʻosi. ʻI ha veʻeteka noaveʻetekaNoaKo e luo lanu mata pē ʻe taha ʻoku ʻikai kāpui ʻe ha peti totongi tatau, peti tasini pe peti kōlomu; ko e tupuʻanga ia ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasino. ʻOku toe ui: noa ʻe taha, 0.Lau kotoa → ʻe taha ʻoku tō ha pulu ʻe taha ki hoʻo fika ʻi he hoa ʻe 72 ʻi he hoa ʻe 1,369 ʻoku tatau honau ngalingali, pea ko e ongo pulu ʻi he 1. ʻOku ikuna ʻe he peti ʻa e 72 × 17 + 34 = 1,258 pea mole ʻa e 1,296, ko ha mole kakato ʻo e 38 ʻi he 1,369: ko ha tuʻunga lelei ʻo e 2.78%, siʻi pē ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he 2.70%. Kapau naʻe totongi ʻa e 35 ki he 1 ʻi he taimi ʻoku tō ai ʻa e ongo pulu, ʻe foki tonu ia ki he 2.70%. ʻOku hokohoko atu ʻa e ngaahi totongipaʻangaTotongiKo e meʻa ʻoku fakafoki ʻe ha peti ikuna, ʻoku fakahā ko e “X ki he 1” ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he peti ʻoku fakafoki.Lau kotoa → kuo vaeua ʻi he tēpile ʻi loto. Ko e peti tulikipetiPeti tulikiFika ʻe fā ʻoku nau vahevahe ha tuliki ʻe taha ʻi he palani ʻo e tēpile, totongi ʻo e 8:1.Lau kotoa → ko e tauhele ia: ʻi he 3 ki he 1 ʻoku totongi ia ʻa e 14.7%, lolotonga ko e totongi faitotonu ʻoku meimei ko e 3.7 ki he 1.
Ngaahi peti ʻi tuʻa
ʻOku fie maʻu ʻe he kulokulapetiKulokulaPeti totongi tatau ki he fika kulokula ʻe 18. Faka-Falanisē: rouge.Lau kotoa → ke kulokula ʻa e ongo pulu: (18/37)² = 23.7%, totongi ʻaki ʻa e 3 ki he 1. ʻOku fakafoki ʻe he peti ʻa e 4 × 23.7% = 94.7% ʻo e peti, ko ha tuʻunga lelei ʻo e 5.33%, liunga ua ʻo e fika ʻIulope. Ko ha tasinipetiTasini1–12, 13–24 pe 25–36, totongi ʻo e 2:1.Lau kotoa → ʻoku fie maʻu ke tō ki ai ʻa e ongo pulu, (12/37)² = 10.5%, pea totongi ʻa e 8 ki he 1: 5.33% foki. ʻOku pehē foki ʻa e peti ke tō ha pulu ʻe taha ki he kulokula pea ko e taha ki he ʻuliʻulipetiʻUliʻuliPeti totongi tatau ki he fika ʻuliʻuli ʻe 18. Faka-Falanisē: noir.Lau kotoa →, ʻi he totongi tatau. ʻOku totongi ʻe he tolu kotoa ʻa e 1 − (36/37)² = 5.33%, ko e totongi ia ʻo ha peti ʻoku fie maʻu ke ne hao mei he noa ʻo tuʻo ua.
Feituʻu ʻoku maʻu ai
Naʻe fakahā ʻa e vaʻinga ʻi he Global Gaming Expo ʻi he 2013 pea vaʻingaʻi ʻi he Tropicana ʻi Las Vegas mei he 2014 ʻi ha veʻeteka noa ua. ʻI ai ʻoku totongi ʻa e kulokula ʻa e 10.25% pea ko e sēkipoti 1,200 ki he 1 ʻa e 16.83%. ʻOku fakalele ʻe he ngaahi sitiutio hangatonu ʻa e ngaahi faʻahinga noa ʻe taha pea totongi ʻa e 1,300 ki he 1 ʻi he sēkipoti. ʻOku fana ʻa e ongo pulu mei ha paipa ʻaki ʻa e ʻea kuo lomiʻi, ʻo vahaʻa siʻi pē; naʻe ʻilo ʻe he ngaahi sivi ʻa e tokotaha ngaohi ʻoku na tō ki ha luomeʻangāueLuoKo e taha ʻo e ngaahi luo ʻe 37 ʻoku fakafika ʻi he konga vilo. ʻOku toe ui: slot, cup.Lau kotoa → tatau ʻo meimei tatau mo e meʻa ʻoku tala ʻe he faingamālie.
Founga ke vaʻinga ai, kapau ʻoku pau ke ke fai
Ko e ngaahi peti fika ʻe taha mo e ngaahi peti fika ʻe uapetiPeti fika ʻe uaFika ʻe ua ʻoku fehokotaki, totongi ʻo e 17:1.Lau kotoa →, ʻi he siʻi hifo ʻi he 3%, ko e konga faitotonu ia. ʻOku liunga ua ʻa e mamafa ʻo e ngaahi peti ʻi tuʻapetiPeti ʻi tuʻaKo ha peti ki he ngaahi puha ʻoku takatakai ʻi he palani: ngaahi tasini, ngaahi kōlomu mo e ngaahi peti totongi tatau.Lau kotoa → ʻi ha tēpile ʻIulope. Ko e ngaahi peti tuliki ʻi he 3 ki he 1 ʻoku mamafa ange ia ʻi ha peti pē ʻi ha veʻeteka ʻAmelika. Ko e peti sēkipoti ko ha tikite lotilō ia ʻoku makatuʻunga hono totongi ʻi he tēpile: 4.97% ʻi he 1,300 ki he 1, 12.27% ʻi he 1,200.
Ngaahi fehuʻi
ʻIo. ʻOku na tō tauʻatāina, ko ia ʻoku hoko ʻa e ongo pulu ʻi ha luo ʻe taha ʻo tuʻo taha ʻi he vilo ʻe 37 ʻi he ʻavalisi, pea ʻa e ongo pulu ʻi ha luo naʻa ke fili ʻo tuʻo taha ʻi he 1,369. Ko e meʻa ia ʻoku totongi ki ai ʻa e peti sēkipoti.
Koeʻuhi ko e 3.22 ki he 1 ko e totongi faitotonu ia ki ha faingamālie ʻo e 23.7%, pea ʻoku tauhi ʻe he kasino ʻa e faikehekehe, 5.33% ʻo e peti.
Ko e faitotonu ko e 1,368 ki he 1. ʻI he 1,300 ʻoku totongi ia ʻa e 4.97%, siʻi siʻi ange ʻi he kulokula ʻi he tēpile tatau; ʻi he 1,200 ʻoku totongi ia ʻa e 12.27%.
Vaʻinga mo e Matematika
ʻUluaki feinga ke ke fakaleleiʻi ʻe koe. Kuo pelu ʻa e tali takitaha; fakaava ia ʻi hoʻo mateuteu.
ʻI he lulēti pulumeʻangāuePuluKo e kiʻi pulu siʻisiʻi ʻoku tolongi ʻi he hala ʻo fehangahangai mo e konga vilo. Ko e ngaahi pulu ʻo onopooni ʻoku ngaohi ʻaki ʻa e ivorine pe Teflon, 18–21 mm.Lau kotoa → ʻe ua ʻi ha veʻeteka noaveʻetekaNoaKo e luo lanu mata pē ʻe taha ʻoku ʻikai kāpui ʻe ha peti totongi tatau, peti tasini pe peti kōlomu; ko e tupuʻanga ia ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasino. ʻOku toe ui: noa ʻe taha, 0.Lau kotoa → ʻe taha, ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻe he kulokulapetiKulokulaPeti totongi tatau ki he fika kulokula ʻe 18. Faka-Falanisē: rouge.Lau kotoa → ke kulokula ʻa e ongo pulu fakatouʻosi pea totongi ʻa e 3 ki he 1, ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻe ha tasinipetiTasini1–12, 13–24 pe 25–36, totongi ʻo e 2:1.Lau kotoa → ke ʻi ai ʻa e ongo pulu fakatouʻosi pea totongi ʻa e 8 ki he 1, pea ko ha peti ki ha kulokula ʻe taha mo ha ʻuliʻulipetiʻUliʻuliPeti totongi tatau ki he fika ʻuliʻuli ʻe 18. Faka-Falanisē: noir.Lau kotoa → ʻe taha ʻoku totongi tatau. Ko e hā ʻoku mole tofu pē ai ʻi he tolu kotoa ʻa e 5.33%?
Fakahā ʻa e tali
Tali ʻOku fakafoki mai ʻe he taki taha ʻa e $1,296 ki he $1,369 kotoa pē naʻe peti: ko e totongi ia ʻo hono hao mei he noa tuʻo ua.
Ko e pulu ʻe ua ʻi he luomeʻangāueLuoKo e taha ʻo e ngaahi luo ʻe 37 ʻoku fakafika ʻi he konga vilo. ʻOku toe ui: slot, cup.Lau kotoa → ʻe 37 ʻoku ʻomai ai ʻa e 37 × 37 = ongo fika ʻe 1,369 ʻoku tatau honau ngalingali.
Kulokula ʻi he ongo pulu fakatouʻosi: 18 × 18 = ongo fika ʻe 324. Ko ha $1 ʻoku ikuna ʻi he 3 ki he 1 ʻoku ne fakafoki mai ʻa e $4, ko ia ʻoku fakafoki mai ʻe he peti ʻa e 324 × 4 = 1,296.
Ko ha tasini: 12 × 12 = ongo fika ʻe 144 ʻi he 8 ki he 1, ʻo fakafoki mai ʻa e $9: 144 × 9 = 1,296.
Kulokula ʻe taha mo e ʻuliʻuli ʻe taha: 18 × 18 ongo fika ʻi he founga taki taha, 648 fakakātoa, ʻi he totongi tatau, ʻo fakafoki mai ʻa e $2: 648 × 2 = 1,296.
ʻOku maʻu ʻe he peti taki taha ʻa e $1,296 ki he $1,369 naʻe peti. Ko e mole ko e 73/1,369 = 5.33%. Pea ko e 1,296 = 36 × 36: ʻoku fokotuʻu ʻa e totongipaʻangaTotongiKo e meʻa ʻoku fakafoki ʻe ha peti ikuna, ʻoku fakahā ko e “X ki he 1” ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he peti ʻoku fakafoki.Lau kotoa → kotoa pē ʻo hangē kuo pau ke hao ʻa e ongo pulu fakatouʻosi mei he noa, ʻa ia ko e 1 − (36/37)². ʻI ha veʻeteka noa ua, ʻoku ʻomai ʻe he fika tatau ʻa e 1 − (36/38)² = 10.25%.
ʻOku totongi ʻe ha peti fika ʻe tahapetiPeti fika ʻe tahaFika pē ʻe taha, totongi ʻo e 35:1.Lau kotoa → ʻi he tēpile pulu ʻe ua ʻa e 17 ki he 1 ki he pulu taki taha ʻoku tō ki hoʻo fika, ko ia ko e 34 ki he 1 kapau ʻoku tō ki ai ʻa e ongo pulu fakatouʻosi. Ko e hā ʻa e totongi ʻoku mole ai ʻi ha veʻeteka noa ʻe taha, pea ko e hā ʻe toe fakafoki ai ia ki he 2.70%?
Fakahā ʻa e tali
Tali 2.78%. Ko hono totongi ʻa e 35 ki he 1 ʻi he taimi ʻoku tau ai ʻa e ongo pulu fakatouʻosi ʻe hoko tofu pē ai ia ko e 2.70%.
ʻI he ongo fika ʻe 1,369, ʻoku ʻi he ʻuluaki pulu pē hoʻo fika ʻi he 36, ʻi he pulu hono ua pē ʻi he 36, ʻi he ongo pulu fakatouʻosi ʻi he 1, pea ʻikai ʻi ha taha ʻi he 36 × 36 = 1,296.
Pulu ʻe taha: ongo fika ʻe 72 ʻi he +17, ko ia ko e +1,224. Ongo pulu fakatouʻosi: ongo fika ʻe 1 ʻi he +34. ʻIkai ha taha: ongo fika ʻe 1,296 ʻi he −1. Fakakātoa: 1,224 + 34 − 1,296 = −38, ko ha tuʻunga lelei ʻo e 38/1,369 = 2.78%.
Kapau naʻe totongi ʻe he tau tuʻo ua ʻa e 35 ki he 1, ʻe hoko ʻa e fakakātoa ko e −37, pea ko e 37/1,369 = 1/37 = 2.70%, ko e totongi ʻIulope. ʻOku tauhi ʻe he kasino ha iunitipaʻangaIunitiKo e peti tefito ʻoku ngāueʻaki ʻe ha sisitemi pe ha tokotaha vaʻinga. ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakalakalaka peti ʻaki ʻa e iuniti koeʻuhi ke ngāue ʻi ha tēpile pē.Lau kotoa → lahi ange ʻe taha ʻi he 1,369.
Meʻa fakaoli
Faitotonu ʻa e ngaahi peti ʻi loto; liunga ua ʻa e totongi ʻo e ngaahi peti ʻi tuʻa.
Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga
- Wizard of Odds. “Double Ball Roulette.”
- Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling.