Peti Taʻehoa / Hoa ʻi he Lulēti
Ko e peti taʻehoa/hoa ʻi he lulēti ʻoku ne kāpui ha fika taʻehoa ʻe hongofulu mā valu pe ha fika hoa ʻe hongofulu mā valu. ʻOku ʻikai ko e taha ʻa e noa.
Totongi ʻo e 1:1, ngalingalimatematikaNgalingaliKo e faingamālie ʻo ha ola, mei he 0 ki he 1 pe 0% ki he 100%. Fika ʻe taha: 1/37 = 2.70%.Lau kotoa → 48.65%. Faingamālie tatau tofu pē mo e kulokula/ʻuliʻuli.
Feituʻu tuku
Ko e ongo puha “Hoa” mo e “Taʻehoa” ʻi he laine ʻi tuʻa, ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi tasinipetiTasini1–12, 13–24 pe 25–36, totongi ʻo e 2:1.Lau kotoa → mo e ngaahi taiamoni lanu; pair mo impair ʻi ha palani ʻo e tēpilemeʻangāuePalani ʻo e tēpileKo e palani peti kuo paaki ʻi he tēpile. ʻOku toe ui: tēpile, felt, cloth.Lau kotoa → Falanisē. Kuo pau ke aʻu ʻa e peti takitaha ki he peti siʻi taha ʻo e tēpile.
ʻOku taʻehoa pe hoa ʻa e noa ʻi he lulēti?
Ko e noaveʻetekaNoaKo e luo lanu mata pē ʻe taha ʻoku ʻikai kāpui ʻe ha peti totongi tatau, peti tasini pe peti kōlomu; ko e tupuʻanga ia ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasino. ʻOku toe ui: noa ʻe taha, 0.Lau kotoa → ʻoku hoa ia ʻi he fika (ʻoku lava ke vahe ʻaki ʻa e ua) pea ʻoku mole ai ʻa e ongo peti taʻehoa mo hoa ʻi he tēpile lulēti. ʻOku fakaʻosi ʻe he palani ʻo e tēpile ʻa e fehuʻi ʻaki hono ʻikai hiki ʻa e noa ʻi ha taha ʻo e ongo puha. ʻOku fakakikihi ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻa e kau foʻou ki ai; kuo ʻosi fanongo ki ai ʻa e kau tīla.
Taʻehoa/hoa pe kulokula/ʻuliʻuli
ʻOku tatau tofu pē ʻi he matematika: fika ʻe 18, 1 ki he 1, 48.65%. ʻOku faikehekehe pē ʻa e ongo hoa peti ʻi he fika ʻe hongofulu mā valu ʻoku nau kāpui, ko ia ko ha fakatahaʻi hangē ko e “kulokulapetiKulokulaPeti totongi tatau ki he fika kulokula ʻe 18. Faka-Falanisē: rouge.Lau kotoa → mo e hoa” ʻoku ne kāpui ʻa e fika ʻe 28 mo ha ikuna fakaua ʻi he fika ʻe valu ʻoku kulokula mo hoa fakatouʻosi (12, 14, 16, 18, 30, 32, 34, 36). ʻOku fakafika ʻe he Meʻa Langa Peti ha fetaulaki pehē pē.
Ngaahi lanu ʻo e fika taʻehoa mo e fika hoa ʻi he lulēti
Ko e taʻehoa mo e kulokula ʻoku ʻikai ko e fika ʻe hongofulu mā valu tatau. Ko e hongofulu ʻo e ngaahi fika taʻehoa ʻoku kulokula pea ko e valu ʻoku ʻuliʻulipetiʻUliʻuliPeti totongi tatau ki he fika ʻuliʻuli ʻe 18. Faka-Falanisē: noir.Lau kotoa →: kulokula 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 19, 21, 23, 25 mo e 27; ʻuliʻuli 11, 13, 15, 17, 29, 31, 33 mo e 35. ʻOku vahe ʻa e ngaahi fika hoa ʻi he founga fehangahangai, kulokula ʻe valu mo e ʻuliʻuli ʻe hongofulu. Ko ia ko e kulokula mo e taʻehoa ʻoku na kāpui ʻa e fika ʻe 26, ko e hongofulu ʻo kinautolu ʻoku tuʻo ua, ka ko e kulokula mo e hoa ʻoku na kāpui ʻa e 28.
Totongi mo e ʻamanekina ʻo e taʻehoa/hoa ʻi he lulēti
Ko e faingamālie faitotonu ki he 18 mei he 37 ko e 1.056 ki he 1; ʻoku totongi ʻe he tēpile ʻa e 1. ʻI ha vilo ʻavalisi ʻe 37 ʻi he $10, ko ha peti ki he hoa ʻoku ikuna tuʻo 18 (+$180), mole ki he fika taʻehoa ʻe hongofulu mā valu (−$180) pea mole ki he noa tuʻo taha (−$10): −$10 mei he $370 naʻe peti, 2.70%. ʻI ha veʻeteka noa ua ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e noa ʻe ua ke mole ai, pea ko e fakamole ko e $20 mei he $380, 5.26%.
ʻI he veʻeteka
ʻOku fakatahatahaʻi ʻa e taʻehoa mo e hoa ʻi he takatakai ʻo e veʻeteka ke ʻoua naʻa ʻi ai ha konga ʻoku ne fakahehema ki ha taha. ʻOku fokotuʻutuʻu ʻa e hokohoko ʻi ha ngaahi hoa: ʻi hoʻo sio ki he veʻeteka, ʻoku angamaheni ke muimui ʻi ha fika taʻehoa ʻe ua ha fika hoa ʻe ua. Hangē ko e ngaahi peti ʻi tuʻapetiPeti ʻi tuʻaKo ha peti ki he ngaahi puha ʻoku takatakai ʻi he palani: ngaahi tasini, ngaahi kōlomu mo e ngaahi peti totongi tatau.Lau kotoa → kotoa, ʻoku ʻikai ke ne kāpui ha kongaveʻetekaKongaKo ha konga fakavilo hokohoko ʻo e ngaahi luo ʻi he veʻeteka, ʻoku kehe ia mei ha kulupu ʻi he palani ʻo e tēpile.Lau kotoa →.
Ngaahi lao Falanisē
ʻI he la partagelaoLa partageLao faka-Falanisē: ʻi he hū ʻa e noa, ʻoku fakafoki ʻa e vaeua ʻo ha peti totongi tatau. ʻOku vaeua ai ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasino ʻi he ngaahi peti ko ia ki he 1.35%.Lau kotoa →, ʻoku foki mai ʻa e konga vaeua ʻo ha peti taʻehoa pe hoa ʻi he hū ʻa e noa, pea ʻoku holo ʻa e fakamole ki he 1.35%. ʻI he en prisonlaoEn prisonLao faka-Falanisē: ʻi he hū ʻa e noa, ʻoku puke ha peti totongi tatau ki he vilo hoko kae ʻikai mole. ʻOku vaeua ai ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasino ʻi he ngaahi peti ko ia.Lau kotoa → ʻoku nofo ʻa e peti ʻi he palani ʻo e tēpile ki ha toe vilo ʻe taha: kapau ʻe ikuna ʻoku fakafoki ia taʻe ha paʻanga naʻe ikunaʻi, pea kapau ʻe mole ʻoku toʻo ia, ʻa ia ʻoku meimei tatau pē hono totongi. ʻOku ʻikai ʻaupito ke ʻeke pe ʻoku lau ʻa e noa ko e hoa, he ʻoku fakafeangai tatau ʻa e lao ki he pair mo e impair.
Ko ha efiafi ʻoku fakafika
Ko e $5 ki he taʻehoa ʻi he vilo ʻe 100 ko e $500 ia naʻe peti, pea ko e mole ʻamanekinamatematikaMole ʻamanekinaKo e mahuʻinga ʻamanekina liunga ʻaki ʻa e fakakātoa ʻo e paʻanga naʻe peti ʻaki; ko e ʻavalisi ʻo e paʻanga ʻoku mole ʻi ha taimi vaʻinga pe ha vahaʻa taimi.Lau kotoa → ko e $500 ÷ 37 = $13.51. Ko e fetaʻaki angamaheni ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻo e fika ko ia ʻoku meimei $50, he ko e mavahe fakasitanatematematikaMavahe fakasitanateAka ua ʻo e vēliani; ko e mamaʻo angamaheni ʻo ha ola mei he mahuʻinga ʻamanekina.Lau kotoa → ʻo e peti totongi tataupetiPeti totongi tatauKulokula/ʻuliʻuli, taʻehoa/hoa, māʻolunga/māʻulalo. Fika ʻe 18, totongi ʻo e 1:1.Lau kotoa → ʻe 100 ʻo e $5 ko e 5 × √100. Ko e meimei efiafi ʻe ua ʻi he tolu ʻoku ngata ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e mole ʻa e $64 mo e tupu ʻa e $36.
Ngaahi fehuʻi
ʻIo. Ko e taʻehoa/hoa ko ha peti totongi tatau ia pea ʻoku maʻu ai ʻa e foki ʻa e konga vaeua ʻi he noa ʻi ha tēpile Falanisē.
ʻOku ʻikai ha ʻuhinga fakamatematika. ʻOku ngāueʻaki fakatouʻosi ia ʻe he kau vaʻinga ʻe niʻihi ke fakamafola honau fehangahangai mo e ngaahi hokohoko, ʻa ia ʻoku ne liliu ʻa e sīpinga ʻo e ngaahi ikuna pea ʻoku ʻikai ha meʻa ʻi honau fakakātoa.
Vaʻinga mo e Matematika
ʻUluaki feinga ke ke fakaleleiʻi ʻe koe. Kuo pelu ʻa e tali takitaha; fakaava ia ʻi hoʻo mateuteu.
ʻI he ngaahi palani ʻo e tēpilemeʻangāuePalani ʻo e tēpileKo e palani peti kuo paaki ʻi he tēpile. ʻOku toe ui: tēpile, felt, cloth.Lau kotoa → motuʻa naʻe ʻi ai ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ha peti ki he “māʻulalo mo hoa” fakataha. Naʻe totongi tatau ia kapau naʻe māʻulalo (1 ki he 18) mo hoa ʻa e fika, mole kapau naʻe ʻikai ko e taha ʻo kinaua, pe ko e noaveʻetekaNoaKo e luo lanu mata pē ʻe taha ʻoku ʻikai kāpui ʻe ha peti totongi tatau, peti tasini pe peti kōlomu; ko e tupuʻanga ia ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kasino. ʻOku toe ui: noa ʻe taha, 0.Lau kotoa →, pea nofo pē ʻi hono feituʻu kapau naʻe ko e taha kae ʻikai ko e taha kehe. Ko e hā naʻe fakamole ʻaki ʻi ha veʻeteka ʻIulope?
Fakahā ʻa e tali
Tali 2.70% ʻi he vilo, ka ko e 5.26% ʻo e peti takitaha naʻe fakaʻosi moʻoni.
Lau ʻa e ngaahi luomeʻangāueLuoKo e taha ʻo e ngaahi luo ʻe 37 ʻoku fakafika ʻi he konga vilo. ʻOku toe ui: slot, cup.Lau kotoa →. Māʻulalo mo hoa: 2, 4 … 18, fika ʻe hiva, ikuna. Māʻolunga mo taʻehoa: 19, 21 … 35, fika ʻe hiva, fakataha mo e noa, ko e hongofulu kotoa, mole. Ko e hongofulu-mā-valu kehe, māʻulalo mo taʻehoa pe māʻolunga mo hoa, ʻoku nau tuku pē ʻa e peti ʻi hono feituʻu.
ʻI he vilo takitaha ʻoku ikuna ʻa e peti tuʻo 9 ʻi he 37 pea mole tuʻo 10: −1/37, ko e 2.70% angamaheni. Ka ʻi he vilo ʻe 18 ʻi he 37 ʻoku ʻikai ha meʻa ʻe hoko. ʻO lau pē ʻa e ngaahi vilo ʻoku nau fakaʻosi ia, ʻoku mole ʻe he peti ha iunitipaʻangaIunitiKo e peti tefito ʻoku ngāueʻaki ʻe ha sisitemi pe ha tokotaha vaʻinga. ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakalakalaka peti ʻaki ʻa e iuniti koeʻuhi ke ngāue ʻi ha tēpile pē.Lau kotoa → ʻe 1 ʻi he 19, 5.26%, ko e totongi ʻAmelika.
ʻI ha veʻeteka ʻAmelika, mo e 00 ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e ngaahi fika mole, ʻoku fakamole ia ʻa e 5.26% ʻi he vilo mo e 10% ʻi he peti kuo fakaʻosi. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe Bollman (2024) ia ko ha meʻa fakaofo.
Meʻa fakaoli
ʻOku hoa ʻa e noa. ʻOku mole ʻa e hoa ʻi he noa.
Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga
- Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling.